Chapter 10: Cranial Nerves

Question 1

12 cranial nerves

Answer 1

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory (Vestibulocochlear)
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory (Spinal)
Hypoglossal

Question 2

12 cranial nerve functions

Answer 2

Sensory
Sensory
Motor
Motor
Both
Motor
Both
Sensory
Both
Both
Motor
Motor

Question 3

this part of the brain coordinates voluntary muscle movements and helps to maintain (head & body) posture, balance, and equilibrium

Answer 3

Cerebellum (back of the brain)

Question 4

what part of the brain is affected: fine resting
tremors of the head that worsen with intentional movements.

Answer 4

Cerebellum

Question 5

This syndrome includes ptosis of
the upper eyelid, miosis of the pupil, and protrusion of the third eyelid (nictitating membrane)

Answer 5

Horner’s syndrome

Question 6

Loss of symmetric positioning of the eyes or the presence of abnormal deviation (i.e., strabismus) occurs when a horse has injured what cranial nerves (3 answers)

Answer 6

third (oculomotor),
fourth (trochlear),
sixth (abducens)

Question 7

The nuclei along the _____ cranial nerve are among the largest nuclei along the brainstem of the horse

Answer 7

fifth (trigeminal)

Question 8

Injury to this nerve leads to dropped
jaw and ipsilateral loss of, or decreased sensation to, the side of the face and the inside of the nares.

Answer 8

fifth (trigeminal)

Question 9

Injury to the ____ cranial
nerve results in unilateral facial paralysis. This nerve contains branches that supply the ears, eyelids, and nares, and so injury to this nerve may affect all or only part of these structures.

Answer 9

seventh (facial)

Question 10

unilateral injury to this nerve results in a head tilt toward the affected side

Answer 10

Eighth (Auditory (Vestibulocochlear))

Question 11

what CN: The clinical
signs include dysphagia on the same side as the damaged nerve. If the infection is severe enough to involve the internal carotid nerve, which contains postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the structures of the head and eye,
Horner’s syndrome results.

Answer 11

Ninth (glossopharyngeal)

Question 12

are characterized by a failure to
blink to bright light, lack of a menace response, and a
head tremor that worsens with intentional movements.
This disease is an abiotrophy and occurs most frequently
in Arabian horses.

Answer 12

Cerebellar lesions

Question 13

what part of the brain is affected: circling

Answer 13

cerebrum

Question 14

what CN: sense of smell

Answer 14

1 (olfactory)

Question 15

what CN: vision

Answer 15

2 (optic)

Question 16

what CN: eye movements (pupillary constrictions and accommodation; muscle of upper eyelid)

Answer 16

3 (oculomotor)

Question 17

what CN: eye movements (intorsion, downward gaze)

Answer 17

4 (trochlear nerve)

Question 18

what CN: somatic sensation from face, mouth, cornea; muscles of mastication

Answer 18

5 (trigeminal)

Question 19

what CN: eye movements (abduction of lateral movement)

Answer 19

6 (abducens)

Question 20

what CN: hearing; sense of balance

Answer 20

8 (auditory/ vestibulocochlear)

Question 21

what CN: sensation from posterior tongue and pharynx; taste from posterior tongue; carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors; salivary gland

Answer 21

9 (glossopharyngeal)

Question 22

what CN: automatic functions of gut; cardiac inhibition; sensation from larynx and pharynx; muscles of vocal cords; swallowing

Answer 22

10 (vagus)

Question 23

what CN: shoulder and neck muscles

Answer 23

11 (spinal accessory)

Question 24

2 CNs responsible for pupillary light reflex

Answer 24

2 (optic)
3 (oculomotor)

Question 25

2 CNs responsible for palpebral reflex

Answer 25

5 (trigeminal)
7 (facial)

Question 26

4 CNs responsible for swallowing reflex

Answer 26

5 (trigeminal)
7 (facial)
9 (glossopharyngeal)
10 (vagus)

Question 27

Malformation of the vertebrae in the neck

Answer 27

Wobbler syndrome

Question 28

test used to diagnose:
i. Hydrocephalus
ii. Meningitis
iii. Head injury
iv. Brain tumors
v. seizure

Answer 28

Electroencephalogram

Question 29

test that Detects injury and myasthenia gravis

Answer 29

Electromyogram

Question 30

IV medication used to prevent brain edema

Answer 30

mannitol

Question 31

hypothalamic neuropeptides that are responsible for wakefulness and sleep activity

Answer 31

hypocretin