Chapter 10 Command and Control Flashcards
TENR: The response to any given situation must be?
Considered, Timely, Proportionate, Appropriate
TENR must consider the impact on?
Police, Our Partners, The Focus
Control operates?
Horizontally across agencies
Command operates?
Vertically within an agency
Control does not include?
Ownership, administrative responsibility or the management of other agencies resources.
Command and control consists of three essential elements?
Leadership, Decision Making, Control
CIMS stands for?
Coordinated Incident Management System
Command Operating levels are
Tactical, Operational, Strategic
Tactical Command
And swearing calls for service. Conducting search warrants etc
Operational Command
Multiple tactical level activities or when the complexity of the situation requires a higher level of command
Strategic Command
Scope, consequence, community or political implications of an event is significant and requires dedicated attention
Principles of Command and Control
Unity of command and control. Span of command and control. Continuity of command and control. Delegation of command and control. Obligations of command and control
Appreciation process
Process for problem solving and decision making. Is the active understanding of the nature, magnitude or meaning of the situation faced.
Appreciation Process - Aim
Derived from the Guidance of Intent. Described by using ‘The Controller/Commander intent statement. Takes into account critical facts and assumptions.
Appreciation Process : Factor
The circumstances, facts or influences which might impact on the conduct of the Operation.
Once all factors have been considered; logical, appropriate and distinguishable courses of action will be identified which could help achieve the aim.
Appreciation Process : Name 14 Factors?
Ground Time/space Weather/environment Risk Legislation Budget Media Political considerations Police role Log Health and safety Intelligence Community impact assessment Offenders
Appreciation Process : Outline Plan
The outline plan need not be detailed, it should only contain the sufficient information for the requesting controller to approve it.
The outline plan will be developed into the operational action plan.
Appreciation Process : 4x effective aspects of Action Plan
Action plan provides detail of the controllers intentions and sets the objectives for the response.
- Integrates a cohesive response from all agencies
- Increases situational awareness between agencies
- Coordinates activities towards a common goal
- Reduces risk, duplication and conflicting actions.
Appreciation Process : Role of planning function for large events
This function supports the controller by;
- Managing the planning process
- Ensuring the action plan meets the controllers intentions/objectives
Each element plans for different tasks/resources/local conditions.
Appreciation Process : High level action plan
These focus on;
- Assigning tasks
- Allocating resources
- Confirming coordination arrangements
Appreciation Process : When to Develop a new action plan
New action plans should not be developed at arbitrary periods (such as the start of a new shift).
Develop only;
- when objectives from original plan are achieved
- if situation changes significantly - (original objectives cannot be achieved, or original objectives are changed by the controller)
Operation Orders/Action plan must be…
- Clear and simple
- As accurate as possible
- Clearly capable of being executed
- Sufficient time to be acted upon
GSMEAC : Mission
Must be;
- the same as the aim
- one sentence only
- always start with ‘To’
GSMEAC : Execution Orders
This outlines how the mission will be achieved.
Matters covered; Routes to scene Boundaries Timings Limitations Firing orders Briefings/debriefs Arrests News Media Public communication Liaison with other agencies Legal/evidence gathering
GSMEAC : Admin/Logistics
Outlines how the support functions will be carried out.
Commanders/controllers are responsible for ensuring health and safety obligations (Health and Safety at work Act 2015)
Involves, all staff working to eliminate risk to health and safety when reasonably practicable - or minimise as far as is reasonably practicable.
GSMEAC : Command/Signals
Outlines various command and control elements supporting the operation and how staff will communicate.
The controller/commander and 2IC MUST be named
GSMEAC : Command /signals, Briefings
The operation controller/commander must consider;
- where the ‘Orders group’ (or O group) will be held
- what briefing aids will be used (eg, maps… to fully convert the intent)
GSMEAC : Debriefs
Purpose is to critically examine what went well, and areas to improve.
Ideally, it will be chaired by a senior member who was not involved in the operation.
GSMEAC : Lessons Learnt
Should be maintained in the ‘lessons learnt database’ along with a copy of;
Appreciation
Operation orders
Debrief notes
RIOD
EMS Emergency management system used to support command and control operations.
Forms a common operating picture based on ‘ single source of truth’ to enhance situational awareness and facilitate planning and collaboration.
CIMS
Coordinated incident management system first developed in 1998.
Primary reference for incident management in NZ.
CIMS incident
An incident is;
An occurrence that needs a response from one or more agencies.
CIMS : Purpose
To achieve effective coordinated incident management across responding agencies by;
- establishing common structures, functions, terminology used by agencies, yet;
- within a framework that is flexible, modular, scalable so it can be tailored specifically
- enabling agencies to develop their own processes, procedures, training
CIMS : Emergency Management definition
A situation that poses an immediate risk to life, health, property or the environment that requires a coordinated response.
CIMS : 4x components of Emergency Management (4 R’s)
- Risk reduction
- Readiness (to respond)
- Response
- Recovery
CIMS is applied during response, therefore must be factored into readiness.
CIMS : Risk reduction
Covered by other measures such as health promotion, the building code, or the resource management act 1991
CIMS : Recovery
May used CIMS, business as usual arrangements or an organisation set up specifically for recovery.
Recovery needs to be included in readiness planning and is commenced at the start of a response.
CIMS : Responses
Aim to manage the consequences of hazards, support the effected communities, and establish the basis for recovery.
CIMS : Emergency related legislation may give response personnel emergency powers….
Compulsion
Entry
Direction
Removal
Some statutes require a state of emergency to be declared.
Some statutes require authorisation by appropriately appointed people
CIMS : 3x principles
There are the fundamental tenents on which incident management is based.
- Responsive to community needs
- Flexibility
- Unity of effort
CIMS : Responsive to community needs
Response personnel MUST
- recognise and individuals rights
- treat individuals with fairness and and dignity
- ensure the needs of affected people and animals are identified
All met throughout the response and into recovery.
Must be able to Actively participate in a response rather than wait passively for assistance
tenents
Flexibility allows CIMS to be Modular and scalable.
Therefore applicable to incidents that vary widely in terms of scale hazard or situational characteristics
CIMS : Characteristics (4x)
- Common structures roles and responsibilities
- Common terminology
- Interoperability
- Management by objectives
CIMS Characteristics : Interoperability
Is the ability for systems processes personnel and equipment to affectively operate together
It is the intended result of the common approach established by CIMS and it’s supporting arrangements (eg Doctrine, Training and exercise programs)
CIMS Characteristics : Management by objectives
These are established by the controller assisted by the incident management team IMT who consult with governance on desired outcomes
Objectives are then communicated so unity of effort is achieved
CIMS : Lead agency
A lead agency is the agency with a mandate to manage the response to an incident through legislation, under protocols, by agreement, or because it has the expertise in experience
This may change between risk reduction readiness response and recovery and if required authority or expertise changes
When the lead agency cannot be readily identified agencies may adopt a joint unified control structure
CIMS : Lead / supporting agency responsibilities
Lead
Integration of support agencies into the response is a fundamental responsibility of lead agencies
Ensuring arrangements and plans are in place prior to incidents where they will have to lead
Supporting
Assisting in the development of these
CIMS : incident management (7x functions)
CLIPPOW Control Logistics Intelligence Planning Public information management PIM Operations Welfare
CIMS : Incident management team
Direct reports for a controller should support a manageable span of control which is normally 2 to 7 people
To include; Response manager Technical Experts with relevant knowledge Health and safety advisors Iwi representatives
CIMS : Incident management team scaling responses (x3)
Safety of the personnel the public and property
Size and complexity of the incident and extent of response required
Span of control
CIMS : Multi agency incident level
Should single agency response progress into a multi agency response the management structure expands to maintain effective control consistent with the scale and complexity of the response
The incident controller supported by the incident management team is responsible for overall direction
Supporting agencies need to be included in the incident control point ICP to ensure specialist knowledge and incorporation of agencies requirement and resources
CIMS : Major Incident
When an incident level response becomes large-scale a full IMT may be required
More substantial and preprepared response coordination facilities may be required
Personnel rosters NEED to be developed
When is an EOC emergency operation centre established
An EOC is established to coordinate multi agency or multi incident response between respective ICPs
- There are several incident level responses at different sites
- When offsite coordination and support a required
- To coordinate multi agency or multi incident responses
Civil defence emergency management act 2012 :
Section 86 evacuation of premises and places
If a state of emergency is enforced and in the opinion of a controller or constable the action authorised by the section is NECESSARY for the preservation of human life,
that person or a person authorised by him may direct within the area or district in which the emergency is in force.
- The evacuation of any premise or place including any public place
- The exclusion of persons or vehicles from any premises or place including any public place
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 87 entry on premises
If a state of emergency is in force a control or constable or any other person acting under their authority may enter if necessary break into any premise or place in respect to which the state of emergency is in force
IF he BELIEVES On reasonable grounds that the action is necessary for;
- Saving life preventing injury or rescuing and removing injured or endangered persons or
- Permitting or facilitating the caring out of any urgent measure for the relief of suffering or distress
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 88 closing roads and public places
If a state of emergency is in force control or constable or any person acting under their authority or any person so authorised in a relevant civil defence emergency management plan,
may order to prevent or limit the extent of the emergency
Totally or partially prohibit or a strict public access with or without vehicles to any road or public place within the area or district in respect of which the state of emergency is in force
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 89 removal of aircraft vessels vehicles etc
If the state of emergency is in force a controller or constable or any person acting under the authority
may in order to prevent or limit to the extent of the emergency
Remove from any place within the area or district in respect of which the state of emergency is in force any aircraft hovercraft ship or ferry or other vessel train or vehicle impeding civil defence emergency management and
It’s reasonably necessary for that purpose use force or break into those vehicles
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 90 requisitioning powers
Applies of a state of emergency is in force and in the opinion of a controller or a constable the action authorised by the section is necessary for the preservation of human life
The controller or constable or a person authorised by them may direct to the owner or person for the time being in control of any land building vehicle animal boat apparatus implement earthmoving equipment construction materials or equipment furniture building food medicine medical supplies or any other equipment materials or supplies to medically place that property
Under his or her control and direction or
Under the control and direction of a controller or a constable or person authorised by them if that person has requested the person making the requisition to do so on his or her behalf
Section 90 requisitioning powers what MUST a person exercising any power conferred on him give to the owner or person in charge
A written statement specifying the property that is requisitioned and the person under his control the property is to be placed
Section 90 requisitioning powers…. What if the owner or person for the time being in control cannot be immediately found?
A controller or Constable may assume immediately the control and direction of the requisitioned property
That person must ensure as soon as reasonably practicable in the circumstances a written statement specifying property that has been requisitioned and the person under whose control it is being placed
Section 90 requisitioning powers… What must the owner do prior to requisition?
The owner or person in control of any property immediately before it is requisitioned MUST provide the person exercise in the power with any assistance that the person be reasonably require for the effective and safe use of that property
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 91 Power to give direction.
Under a state of emergency what may you do….
- direct any person to stop any activity that may cause or substantially contribute to an emergency
- request any person either verbally or in writing to take any action to prevent or limit the extent of the emergency
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 91 Power to give direction.
A direction must….
A person may not give a direction unless the structure in the circumstances pose a risk of injury or a risk to the safety of life or the safety of other property
A direction must;
- state the purpose of the assessment and specify the assessment that is required and
- specify a reasonable timeframe within which the assessment must be concluded and
- require the owner to give a copy of the assessment to the person who gave the direction
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 91 Power to give direction.
Owner appeal
An owner or owners agent May appeal to the district court on the grounds that the direction is unreasonable
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 92 Power to carry out inspections.
In order to prevent or limit the extent of the emergency wireless state of emergency is in force a controller or Constable or anyone acting under their authority may examine mark seize sample secure disinfect or, destroy any property animal or any other thing
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 93 power exercising emergency Powers to provide proof of identity.
Person must…..
- have with him and produce if requested to do so evidence of his identity and
- produce evidence of or give a general explanation of the authority and which is acting in the power or powers has exercising if requested to do so
Civil defence emergency management act 2002 : Section 98 Obstruction
A person commits an offence who during a state of emergency threatens assaults or intentionally obstructs or hinders any person in that persons exercise or performance of a function power or duty under this act
Emergency communications centre exercising command responsibility.
What are the 5 stages/actions
- The authority of ECC shift commander is delegated to ECC team members/dispatchers
- District field units must comply with directions of ECC team members/dispatchers as if it were from ECC shift commander
- ECC team members/dispatchers must take into account local district policies and priorities when determining appropriate deployment of resources
- Any queries relating to operational matters must be first referred to field supervisors or ECC team leaders
- The ECC shift Commander has the final decision in operational matters
ECC command responsibility : what matters to consider prior to transfer of incident control
- The highest ranking person is not necessarily the most appropriate to assume control
- The designated incident controller should not be delegated control until they have had the opportunity to
- establish an incident control point
- familiarise themselves with the incident and obtain a briefing
- formulate a response plan
When to revoke forward commander of thier responsibility
Shift Commander may revoke the appointment of the forward commander if they are no longer the most appropriate person to fill the role
- The shift Commander takes incident control or
- appoints another forward or incident controller or
- appoints multiple forward commanders to control phases of a major incident
Radio discipline during a major incident - dispatcher
Dispatcher must determine the initial tactics to be used and deploy resources to implement them
This is to be done in consultation with supervisors in the ECC in the case of serious or major incidents
Discipline communication is important in maintaining clear communication and promoting effective tactical decision-making
Dispatcher : Importance of the 6 steps of sequence of information
Ensures that the most important information is presented first and that key details are not forgotten
Once event location and type has been determined, then the 6 step process presents the information in order
Name the six steps
- Summary of incident including weapons
- Time delay
- Direction of travel
- Mode of travel
- Description of offender or vehicles
- Additional relevant information (hazards, weapons…)
When does the dispatcher generally receive the event
After the second step
Time delay
