Chapter 10- Blood

Question 0

Leukocyte

Answer 0

Produced in red bone marrow

Defend body against disease

2 types: granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 1

Erythrocytes

Answer 1

Produced in red bone marrow
Red blood cells
Anucleated
Transport O2 bound to hemoglobin molecules

Question 2

Platelets

Answer 2

Red bone marrow

Essentially irregular shaped

Needed for normal blood clotting

Question 3

Neutrophils

Answer 3

Type of granulocyte

Active phagocytes

Question 4

Eosinophils

Answer 4

Granulocyte

Exact function unknown

Question 5

Basophils

Answer 5

Granulocyte

Granules contain histamine which is discharged at sites of inflammation

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

Agranulocyte

Part of immune system

B lymphocytes- produce antibodies
T lymphocytes- involved in graft rejection and activation of B lymphocytes

Question 7

Monocytes

Answer 7

Agranulocyte

Active phagocyte that become macrophage in the tissue

Question 8

Hematopoiesis

Answer 8

Blood cell formation
5 major steps

RBC Life Span : 100-120 days

Question 9

Hematopoiesis Step 1

Answer 9

Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow

Question 10

Hematopoiesis step 2

Answer 10

Developing RBCs divide many times and then begin synthesizing huge amounts of hemoglobin

Question 11

Hematopoiesis step 3

Answer 11

When enough hemoglobin has been accumulated, the nucleus and most organelles are ejected and cell collapses inward

Results in a young RBC called RETICULOCYTE

Question 12

Hematopoiesis step 4

Answer 12

Reticulocytes enter bloodstream to begin their task of transporting oxygen

Within 2 days of release, become fully functional erthyrocytes

Question 13

Hematopoiesis step 5

Answer 13

Rate of RBC production is controlled by a hormone called ERYTHROPOIETIN, produced in kidney

Question 14

Hemostasis step 1

Answer 14

Blood vessel spasm

Immediate reaction is vasoconstriction, decreasing blood loss

Question 15

Hemostasis step 2

Answer 15

Platelet plug formation

When vessel breaks collagen fibers are exposed and platelets become “sticky” and cling to damaged site. Anchored platelets release chemicals that attract more. Form white thrombus.

Question 16

Hemostasis step 3

Answer 16

Blood coagulation (blood clotting)

THROMBOPLASTIN is released by damaged cells

PF3 (phospholipid on platelets) interacts with it and other factors to form PROTHROMBIN

prothrombin activator, in plasma, converts it into an enzyme THROMBIN

Thrombin then joins fibrinogen proteins that trap RBCs and form the basis of the clot

Question 17

Agglutinogen

Answer 17

Antigens in red blood cells

Question 18

Agglutinins

Answer 18

Plasma antibodies