Chapter 10 - Blood Flashcards
Anemia
Decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
Due to the decrease in either RBCs or hemoglobin
Hemophilia
Genetic mutation in clotting factors
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Rh- mothers antibodies destroy Rh+ newborns RBCs
Hematocrit
Percentage of erythrocytes to total blood volume
Leukocytes , White blood cells, WBCs
Diapedesis
Chemotaxis
4,800-10,800 cells/mm3
Granulocytes
Chemotaxis
Move towards certain molecules (foreign invaders or the body’s alarm signals)
Granulocytes
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
Eosinophils
Defend against parasitic worms
Basophils
Rarest
Produce histamine
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes mature into macrophages
Lymphocytes
B and T cells
Responsible for adaptive immunity and long term immunity
Monocytes
Phagocytic
“Clean up” crew
Increase in number in chronic infections
Platelets
Fragments of cells involved in blood clotting
Leukocytosis
Above normal WBC due to infections
Leukopenia
Below normal WBC
Embolus
Moving clot
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count results in trouble clotting
Petechiae is bleeding from capillaries - looks like purple dots
What is the purpose of blood?
Transport everything that is carried from one place to another
What does blood transport?
nutrients, waste, body heat, and hormones
Formed elements
cellular portions of blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and agranulocytes)
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood
Buffy coat
white blood cell layer which occurs in a tube after whole blood is being spun
What are the physical characteristics of blood?
Sticky, heavy, and thicker than water. Can be red or purple. Salty taste. Temperature is a little warmer than the body’s temperature
What is the volume of blood in a healthy adult?
5-6 liters
water makes up ___% of plasma
90
Erythrocytes, Red blood cells, RBCs
no nucleus
filled with the protein hemoglobin carries oxygen
biconcave
5 million/mm3 of blood
diapedesis
move out of blood vessels into tissues and vice versa
Neutrophils
most numerus
phagocytic
numbers increase during short term infections
histamine
inflammatory signal
causes leaky blood vessels
attracts other WBCs through chemotaxis
B cells
makes antibodies
sickle cell anemia
genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene
results in pointed RBCs that blood capillaries and burst
has been cured with gene editing
polycythemia
above normal RBC count
due to some cancers, high altitudes, blood doping
leukemia
bone marrow cancer
overproduction of immature WBCs
thrombus
stationary clot
