Chapter 10 - Basal Nuclei

Question 1

Function of Basal Nuclei

Answer 1

Control of posture and voluntary movement

Question 2

(True/False)

The Basal nuclei has direct input/output connection to the spinal cord like all other parts of NS concerned with motor control

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Basal nuclei structures

Answer 3

(1) corpus striatum - caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, & putamen
(2) amygdaloid nucleus
(3) claustrum

Question 4

Lentiform nucleus

(Other term for)

Answer 4

globus pallidus and putamen

Question 5

Corpus striatum

(Other term for)

Answer 5

caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Question 6

Neostriatum (striatum)

(Other term for)

Answer 6

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 7

Amygdaloid body

(Other term for)

Answer 7

amygdaloid nucleus

Question 8

Basal Nuclei Terminologies

Memorize

Answer 8

Question 9

Forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

Answer 9

Head of the caudate nucleus

Head continuous inferiorly with the putamen

Question 10

The head of the caudate nucleus is continuous to the body of the caudate nucleus at the level of the

Answer 10

Interventricular foramen

Question 11

Forms part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle

Answer 11

Body of the caudate nucleus

Question 12

Follows the contour of the lateral ventricle and continues forward in the roof of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

Answer 12

tail of the caudate nucleus

Question 13

Basal nuclei structures

Answer 13

(1) corpus striatum - caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, & putamen
(2) amygdaloid nucleus
(3) claustrum

Question 14

Separates the lentiform nucleus and the claustrum

Answer 14

external capsule

Question 15

darker lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus

Answer 15

putamen

Question 16

inner lighter portion of the lentiform nucleus

Answer 16

globus pallidus

paleness due to presence of high concentration of myelinated nerve fibers

Question 17

(True/False)

In the sense of fear, the amygdaloid nucleus can change heart rate, blood pressure, skin color, and rate of respiration

Answer 17

True

Question 18

amygdaloid nucleus position

Answer 18

in the temporal lobe close to the uncus

Question 19

Corpus Striatum Afferent Fibers

Answer 19

• corticostriate fibers
• thalamostriate fibers
• nigrostriatal fibers
• brain stem striatal fibers

Question 20

Inhibitory corpus striatum afferent fibers

Answer 20

1.) nigrostriatal (dopamine)

2.) Brainstem striata fibers (serotonin)

Question 21

Corticostriate fibers neurotransmitter

Answer 21

Glutamate

Question 22

Thalamostriate fibers to the corpus striatum from

Answer 22

intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus

Question 23

Corpus striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen) efferent fibers

Answer 23

• striatopallidal fibers
• striatonigral fibers

Question 24

Striatopallidal fibers

Answer 24

From: caudate & putamen

To: globus pallidus

Neurotransmitter: GABA

Question 25

Striatonigral fibers

Answer 25

From: caudate & putamen

To: substantia nigra

Neurotransmitter: GABA, Substance P, Acetylcholine

Question 26

Main basal nuclei site for receiving input

Answer 26

• caudate nucleus
• putamen

Neostriatum (striatum)

Question 27

Major site from which the output signal of the basal nuclei leaves (efferent)

Answer 27

globus pallidus

Question 28

Globus pallidus afferent fibers

Answer 28

striatopallidal fibers

Question 29

Globus pallidus efferent fibers (pallidofugal fibers)

Answer 29

1.) ansa lenticularis (to the thalamic nuclei)

2.) fasciculus lenticularis (to the subthalamus)

3.) pallidotegmental fibers (to the caudal tegmentum of the midbrain)

4.) pallidosubthalamic (to the subthalamic nuclei)

Question 30

Caudate nucleus divisions

Answer 30

(1) head
(2) body
(3) tail

Question 31

Separates the corpus striatum and the thalamus that is lateral to it

A band of nerve fibers

Answer 31

Internal capsule

Question 32

Functionally close relations of the basal nuclei
(1) From midbrain
(2) From diencephalon

Answer 32

(1) substantia nigra - neurons are dopaminergic and inhibitory; connects to corpus striatum

(2) subthalamic nuclei - neurons are glutaminergic and excitatory; connects to globus pallidus and substantia nigra

Question 33

Neural disease associated with neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus

reduction of a release of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Answer 33

Parkinsons disease

Some of the common manifestations of Parkinson’s disease include:

Tremors: One of the most common signs of Parkinson’s disease is tremors or shaking, usually in the hands, fingers, and arms, but it can also affect the head, face, legs, and feet.

Bradykinesia: This is a medical term that refers to slow movement. People with Parkinson’s disease often have difficulty initiating and controlling movements, which can make everyday tasks, like getting dressed or brushing teeth, more challenging.

Rigidity: Stiffness or rigidity of the muscles is another common manifestation of Parkinson’s disease. This can make it difficult to move or bend the arms or legs, and can cause muscle aches or pain.

Postural instability: Parkinson’s disease can also affect a person’s balance and coordination, making it more difficult to stand, walk, or maintain a steady posture. This can increase the risk of falls.

Other symptoms: Parkinson’s disease can also cause other symptoms such as a soft or monotone voice, difficulty swallowing, constipation, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.