Chapter 10 - Basal Nuclei Flashcards
Function of Basal Nuclei
Control of posture and voluntary movement
(True/False)
The Basal nuclei has direct input/output connection to the spinal cord like all other parts of NS concerned with motor control
False
Basal nuclei structures
(1) corpus striatum - caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, & putamen
(2) amygdaloid nucleus
(3) claustrum
Lentiform nucleus
(Other term for)
globus pallidus and putamen
Corpus striatum
(Other term for)
caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus
Neostriatum (striatum)
(Other term for)
caudate nucleus and putamen
Amygdaloid body
(Other term for)
amygdaloid nucleus
Basal Nuclei Terminologies
Memorize
Forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
Head of the caudate nucleus
Head continuous inferiorly with the putamen
The head of the caudate nucleus is continuous to the body of the caudate nucleus at the level of the
Interventricular foramen
Forms part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle
Body of the caudate nucleus
Follows the contour of the lateral ventricle and continues forward in the roof of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
tail of the caudate nucleus
Basal nuclei structures
(1) corpus striatum - caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, & putamen
(2) amygdaloid nucleus
(3) claustrum
Separates the lentiform nucleus and the claustrum
external capsule
darker lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus
putamen
inner lighter portion of the lentiform nucleus
globus pallidus
paleness due to presence of high concentration of myelinated nerve fibers
(True/False)
In the sense of fear, the amygdaloid nucleus can change heart rate, blood pressure, skin color, and rate of respiration
True
amygdaloid nucleus position
in the temporal lobe close to the uncus
Corpus Striatum Afferent Fibers
- corticostriate fibers
- thalamostriate fibers
- nigrostriatal fibers
- brain stem striatal fibers
Inhibitory corpus striatum afferent fibers
1.) nigrostriatal (dopamine)
2.) Brainstem striata fibers (serotonin)
Corticostriate fibers neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Thalamostriate fibers to the corpus striatum from
intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus
Corpus striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen) efferent fibers
- striatopallidal fibers
- striatonigral fibers
Striatopallidal fibers
From: caudate & putamen
To: globus pallidus
Neurotransmitter: GABA
Striatonigral fibers
From: caudate & putamen
To: substantia nigra
Neurotransmitter: GABA, Substance P, Acetylcholine
Main basal nuclei site for receiving input
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
Neostriatum (striatum)
Major site from which the output signal of the basal nuclei leaves (efferent)
globus pallidus
Globus pallidus afferent fibers
striatopallidal fibers
Globus pallidus efferent fibers (pallidofugal fibers)
1.) ansa lenticularis (to the thalamic nuclei)
2.) fasciculus lenticularis (to the subthalamus)
3.) pallidotegmental fibers (to the caudal tegmentum of the midbrain)
4.) pallidosubthalamic (to the subthalamic nuclei)
Caudate nucleus divisions
(1) head
(2) body
(3) tail
Separates the corpus striatum and the thalamus that is lateral to it
A band of nerve fibers
Internal capsule
Functionally close relations of the basal nuclei
(1) From midbrain
(2) From diencephalon
(1) substantia nigra - neurons are dopaminergic and inhibitory; connects to corpus striatum
(2) subthalamic nuclei - neurons are glutaminergic and excitatory; connects to globus pallidus and substantia nigra
Neural disease associated with neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nucleus
reduction of a release of the neurotransmitter dopamine
Parkinsons disease
Some of the common manifestations of Parkinson’s disease include:
Tremors: One of the most common signs of Parkinson’s disease is tremors or shaking, usually in the hands, fingers, and arms, but it can also affect the head, face, legs, and feet.
Bradykinesia: This is a medical term that refers to slow movement. People with Parkinson’s disease often have difficulty initiating and controlling movements, which can make everyday tasks, like getting dressed or brushing teeth, more challenging.
Rigidity: Stiffness or rigidity of the muscles is another common manifestation of Parkinson’s disease. This can make it difficult to move or bend the arms or legs, and can cause muscle aches or pain.
Postural instability: Parkinson’s disease can also affect a person’s balance and coordination, making it more difficult to stand, walk, or maintain a steady posture. This can increase the risk of falls.
Other symptoms: Parkinson’s disease can also cause other symptoms such as a soft or monotone voice, difficulty swallowing, constipation, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances.
