Chapter 10 and 11 blood Flashcards
Which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood?
The left side of the heart contains oxygenated blood.
Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?
The right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood.
What are the two exceptions to the oxygenated and deoxygenated rule?
The right pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood and the left pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.
What is the pulmonary system?
The pulmonary system is the system that pumps blood from the chambers of the heart to the lungs and back. In other words it carries out deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and brings back oxygenated blood.
What is the systemic system?
The systemic system pumps blood from the chambers of the hear to the body and back. In other words it pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and brings deoxygenated blood back.
What are the four characteristics of arteries?
- They carry blood away from the heart
- Carry blood under high pressure
- Have thick muscular walls to compensate for carrying blood under high pressure.
- Except for the pulmonary arteries the arteries carry oxygenated blood.
What are arterioles?
Small arteries that can change diameter.
Differentiate between vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
Vasoconstriction is when the blood vessels get skinnier/smaller and vasodilation is when the blood vessels get wider.
What is the smallest blood vessel in the body?
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessel in the body.
How to veins return low pressured blood back to the heart against gravity?
Veins carry low pressured blood back to the heart working against gravity by using a combination of valves, muscle contractions, and breathing to bring blood back to the heart while working against gravity.
What is the septum?
The septum is a muscular wall that prevents the mixing of oxygenated from deoxygenated blood.
What is the function of the bicuspid valve (left AV valve)
The bicuspid allows blood to flow from the left ventricle (pumping chamber) to the aorta and prevents blood from flowing backward.
What is the function of the tricuspid (right AV valve)
The function of the tricuspid is to control the flow of blood from your heart’s top chamber (right atrium) to the bottom chamber (right ventricle).
What is the function of the chordae tendinae?
It reinforces the AV valves while the heart pumps blood.
What is the function of the semilunar valve?
The semi lunar valve prevents back flow from the arteries to a ventricle.
Differentiate between systole and diastole.
During systole the heart contracts and blood is pushed out of the heart. Diastole is the relaxation of the heart in which the atria fill with blood.
With reference to the SA node and the AV node, explain how the heart’s tempo is set?
The hearts tempo is set by the SA node which is a set of specialised nerves and muscles found in the upper right atrium. The SA node acts as a pacemaker setting the tempo then the AV node serves as a conductor passing nerve impulses via the purkinje fibres through the septum towards the ventricles carrying impulses across the heart.
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped from your heart per minute
What is blood pressure?
The force of the blood on the walls of the arteries.
What two primary factors determine blood pressure?
Cardiac output: Any increase into the cardiac output causes higher blood pressure
Arteriolar resistance: Creating resistance increases blood pressure
What factors influence blood pressure? And explain what they mean.
Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, blood viscosity, blood volume, length of blood vessels and metabolic products. Arteriosclerosis is a disease that causes the arteries to thicken which can restrict blood flow and lead to other problems. Atherosclerosis is the hardening of the arteries with plaque.
What is a heart attack?
A heart attack is when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction to the heart muscle.
What does the spleen do?
The spleen holds blood sinuses which hold approximately 15 ml of blood making it a good blood reservoir the
White blood cells are otherwise called?
Leukocytes
Red blood cells are otherwise called?
Erythrocytes
What is blood composed of?
Blood is composed of 55% plasma, 1% white blood cells and 45% red blood cells
What are the 3 proteins in plasma?
Globulins, firbrinogens and albumins
What are the functions of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen and sometimes carbon dioxide
What are the functions of white blood cells?
Wbs destroy invading microbes, form special proteins called antibodies which interfere with microbes.
What is anaemia?
A deficiency in hemoglobin in red blood cells which decreases oxygen delivery to the tissues an can also be covered by low red blood cell production.
