Chapter 10 (Alg 2)

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

an entire group of people, animals, or objects that you want info. about

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

smaller part of the population

Question 3

Unbiased sample

Answer 3

a sample that accurately represents a population

Question 4

biased sample

Answer 4

over represents the population or under represents part of the population
{}
also watch for biased questions

Question 5

Convenience sample

Answer 5

easy to reach members of a population are selected

Question 6

self-selected sample

Answer 6

members of a population volunteer to be included

Question 7

systematic sample

Answer 7

a rule or pattern is used to select memers of a populations

Question 8

random sample

Answer 8

each member of a pupulation is equally likely to be chosen

Question 9

Biased and unbiased ways of sample

Answer 9

a random sample is least likely to be biased, same or the systematic sample
Convenience and self-selected samples are likely to be biased

Question 10

margin of error

Answer 10

a random sample can give a biased result just by chance

the margin of error is: M o E : + or - 1 /Sqrt.n

Question 11

Central Tendency

Answer 11

the mean, median, and mode

Question 12

measures of dispersion

Answer 12

Range and the difference between quartiles

Question 13

Transformations of data

Answer 13

when you increase or decrease the data values by a constant amount or when you multiply them by a constant factor.

Question 14

Comparing data after adding a constant

Answer 14

the mean, median and mode each increase

the range and the difference between the upper and lower quartiles remain the same

Question 15

Comparing data after adding a constant (fraction, decimal)

Answer 15

The mean, median and mode each increases by 10%

the range and the difference between the upper and lower quartiles each increase by 10%

Question 16

Graphing data after adding a constant and multiplying by a constant

Answer 16

adding a constant shifts the graph horizontally that number of units, but doesn’t change the graph’s shape
multiplying by a constant stretches the graph horizontal by the same factor, this moves the data’s middle and increase the date’s spread

Question 17

Fundamental Counting Principle

Answer 17

if one event can occur in m ways and another event can occur in n ways, then the number of ways that both events can occur is m * n, this goes for 3, 4… so one events

Question 18

permutation

Answer 18

an ordering of a set of objects

Question 19

factorial

Answer 19

the number of permutations of n distinct objects in n!

n! = n * (n - 1) * (n - 2) * . . .

Question 20

Permutations of n objects taken r at a time

Answer 20

The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is denoted by nPr and is given by the following formula: nPr = n! / (n - r)!

Question 21

Combination

Answer 21

a selection of r objects from a group on n objects where their order is not important

Question 22

Combinations of n objects taken r at a time

Answer 22

nCr = nPr / r! = n! / (n-r)! * r!

Question 23

Pascal’s triangle

Answer 23

when you arronge the values of nCr in a triangular pattern in which each row corresponds to a value on n, you get a pattern called Pascal’s Triangle

Question 24

Binomial Theorem

Answer 24

for any positive integer n, the expansion of (a + b)^n is:

(a + b)^n = nC0a^n b^0 + nC1 a^(n-1)b^1 + nC2 a^(n-2) b^2..

Question 25

Probability

Answer 25

the probability of an event is a number from 0 to 1.

Question 26

Theoretical Probability of an event

Answer 26

When all outcomes are equally likely, the theoretical probability that an event A will occur is:
P(A) = # of outcomes in event A
———————————-
total # of outcomes
often simply called its probability

Question 27

Experimental Probability of an Event

Answer 27

For a given number o trials of an experiment, the experimental probability that an event A will occur is:
P(A) = Number of trials where A occurs
———————————————
Total number of trials

Question 28

Geometric Probability

Answer 28

find probabilities based on ratios of two lengths, areas, or volumes.

Question 29

Compound Event

Answer 29

The union or intersection of two events is called a compound event

Question 30

overlapping events

Answer 30

Two events that have outcomes in common

Question 31

Disjoint events or mutually exclusive

Answer 31

two events that have no outcomes in common

Question 32

Probability of Compound Events (Overlapping events)

Answer 32

If A and B are overlapping events, then P(A and B) DNE, and the probability of A or B is:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

Question 33

Probability of Compound Events (Disjoint Events)

Answer 33

If A and B are disjoint events, P(A and B) = 0, and the probability of A or B is:
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Question 34

Complement of an event

Answer 34

consists of all outcomes not in that event

Question 35

Probability of the Complement of an Event

Answer 35

The sum of the probabilities of an event and its complement is .1
P(A) + P(not A) = 1, so P(not A) = 1 - P(A)

Question 36

Independent (Two Events)

Answer 36

The two events are independent of each other if one event occurs and doesn’t effect the other

Question 37

Dependent (Two Events)

Answer 37

The two events are dependent of each each other if one event occurs and effects the other

Question 38

Conditional Probability

Answer 38

For two dependent events A and B, the probability that B will occur given that A has occurred is the Conditional Probability of B given A, written a P(B | A)

Question 39

Probability of Independent and Dependent Events

Independent

Answer 39

If A nd B are independent events, then the probability that both A nd B occur is P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B)
and this could go one forever.

Question 40

Probability of Independent and Dependent Events (Dependent)

Answer 40

If A and B are dependent events, then the probability that both A nd B occur is P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B | A)