Chapter 10 : Aggression

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Behavior intended to injure another

Question 2

Assertiveness

Answer 2

Behavior intended to express dominance or confidence

Question 3

Indirect aggression

Answer 3

Behavior intended to hurt someone without face-to-face confrontation

Question 4

Direct aggression

Answer 4

Behavior intended to hurt someone to his or her face

Question 5

Emotional aggression

Answer 5

Hurtful behavior that stems from angry feelings

Question 6

Instrumental aggression

Answer 6

Hurting another to accomplish some other (nonaggressive) goal

Question 7

Displacement

Answer 7

Indirect expression of an aggressive impulse away from the person or animal that elicited it

Question 8

Catharsis

Answer 8

Discharge of aggressive impulses

Question 9

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 9

The theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior

Question 10

Excitation-transfer theory

Answer 10

The theory that anger is physiologically similar to other emotional states and that any form of emotional arousal can enhance aggressive responses

Question 11

Type A behavior pattern

Answer 11

A group of personality characteristics, including time urgency and competitiveness, that is associated with higher risk for coronary disease

Question 12

Relative deprivation

Answer 12

The feeling that one has less than the others to whom one compares oneself

Question 13

Cognitive neo-association theory

Answer 13

Theory that any unpleasant situation triggers a complex chain of internal events, including negative emotions and thoughts. Depending on other cues in the situation (such as weapons) these negative feelings will be expressed as either aggression or flight

Question 14

Weapons effect

Answer 14

The tendency for weapons, such as guns, to enhance aggressive thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 15

Social learning theory

Answer 15

Theory that aggression is learned through direct reward or by watching other being rewarded for aggressiveness

Question 16

Psychopath

Answer 16

Individual characterized with impulsivity, irresponsibility, low empathy, grandiose self-worth, and a lack of sensitivity to punishment. Such individuals are inclined toward acting violently for personal gain

Question 17

Meta-analysis

Answer 17

A statistical combination of results from different studies of the same topic

Question 18

Differential parental investment

Answer 18

The principle that animals making higher investment in their offspring (female as compared to male mammals, for instance) will be more careful in choosing mates

Question 19

Sexual selection

Answer 19

A form of natural selection favoring characteristics that assist animals in attracting mates or in competing with members of their own sex

Question 20

Culture of honor

Answer 20

A set of societal norms whose central idea is that people (particularly males) should be ready to defend their honor with violent retaliation if necessary

Question 21

Defensive attributional style

Answer 21

A tendency to notice threats and interpret other peoples behavior as intended to do one harm

Question 22

Effect/danger ratio

Answer 22

Assessment of the likely beneficial effect of aggressiveness balanced against the likely dangers