Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Voltages measured with respect to ground

A

Single-ended signals

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2
Q

Consists of two single-ended signals carries over two wires, with two components beginning from the same dc (common-mode) level and changing by equal and opposite amounts

A

Differential signal

More immune to common-mode noise

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3
Q

A differential pair consists of:

A

Two identical transistors, a tail current, two identical loads

P acts as virtual ground

Active mode - making sure input is in signal range and not too large

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4
Q

The circuit “rejects” input CM changes

A

Transistor currents in differential pair remain constant as the input CM level changes

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5
Q

The transistor currents change in opposite directions if

A

A differential input is applied

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6
Q

For small, differential changes at the input, the tail node voltage of a differential pair

A

Remains constant - considered a virtual ground node

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7
Q

Bipolar differential pairs exhibit

A

A hyperbolic tangent input/output characteristic

Tail current can be mostly sorted to one side with a differential input of 4Vt

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8
Q

Small signal operation of differential pair

A

Input differential swing of a bipolar differential pair must remain below roughly Vt

Can be decomposed into two half circuits, each of which is simply a common-emitter stage

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9
Q

MOS differential pairs can steer the tail current with a differential input equal to

A

Sqrt(2) times larger than the equilibrium overdrive of each transistor

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10
Q

MOS differential pairs can provide

A

Linear characteristics depending on the choice of the device dimensions

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11
Q

In the presence of asymmetries and a finite tail current source impedance,

A

A fraction of the input CM change appears as a differential component at the output, corrupting the desired signal

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12
Q

Gain seen by the CM change normalized to the gain seen by the desired signal is

A

Common-mode rejection ratio

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13
Q

Differential pair with active load

A

Replace loads of a differential pair with a current mirror so as to provide a single-ended output while maintaining the original gain

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14
Q

Single ended amps

A

Amplify errors - ripples in VCC

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15
Q

Differential mode

A

2 times the input

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16
Q

Differential amp gain

A

Has differential mode gain and common mode gain

We want max differential mode gain and zero common mode gain to reject common mode signal

17
Q

Vin1»Vin2

A

Q2 almost off (Ve > Vb so current decreases)

All current steers towards Q1

Vout2 = VCC

18
Q

Tail current

A

Guarantees constant collector currents and rejection of the input CM level

19
Q

Telescopic cascode

A

Cascode DX amp loaded with cascode current source

20
Q

Common mode rejection

A

First non-ideality is due to the finite impedance of tail current source (causes change to output)

Short output terminals

2gm

Vp increases

21
Q

Ree = infinity

A

Noise would not show up on outputs

22
Q

Ree < infinity

A

Each input sees noise but differential one doesn’t

Noise will not impact differential output as long as circuit is symmetrical

Single ended output affected

23
Q

Difference in Rd (or Rc) makes CM gain visible in differential output if

A

Ree/Rss = infinity

24
Q

In order for output to be corrupted

A

Tail current source must have finite impedance

Resistor mismatch

25
Differential pair with active load
Op-amps have differential input, single ended output
26
Differential to single ended conversion
Symmetric differential pair with current mirror Achieve single ended output without sacrificing gain Twice Vout
27
Positive feedback
Makes input larger System unstable
28
Negative feedback
Makes input smaller Virtual ground only true with negative feedback
29
CE
In - base | Out - collector
30
CB
In - emitter | Out - collector
31
CC or emitter Follower
In - Base | Out - emitter