Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is celebration?
Celebration is the term given to something that stands outside of the ordinary in a positive way. Celebrations are enjoyable, light, entertaining, joyous experiences focused on bringing people together.
What is festival?
In it’s simplest form, festival comes from feast. Throughout history, feast days existed to break up the monotony of the everyday. They are celebration centered around communities coming together to enjoy excesses of food.
What is holiday?
The word holiday comes from holy. Today in the US, there are many official holidays where work and daily life are suspended.
What are rituals?
Rituals are rigidly structured actions and performances that throughout their enactment, carry meaning. A rituals purpose is to transform an individuals status from one stage to another, whether that be an elevation or demotion.
What is ceremony? What are the main elements of ceremony?
A ceremony is a large gathering of people surrounding that act and includes all aspects and elements of the performance of the specific ritual. While at the center of ceremony is a ritual, ceremony also involves the celebration of the rituals transformation.
What is performance?
Performance is the stylized, repetitive acts that communicate the expression of self or enactment of beliefs to audiences.
What is Edward T. Hall’s monochromic and polychromic time?
Monochromic cultures tend to focus on one thing at a time and are concerned with scheduling and breaking things down into small increments of time dedicated to different tasks and activities. Polychromic- oriented cultures are different in that they acknowledge that many things can be going on at once.
What is cyclical time? Linearly time?
Cyclical time focuses on the reoccurrence of events and rituals, with celebrations happening yearly which focus on a group of people and their relationships. Linear time looks at time as having a beginning, middle and end. It doesn’t rotate again and again but follows a timeline.
What are the value systems expressed in Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and Small Business Saturday?
They highlight our modern capitalist economy and national emphasis on individual freedom and success measured through monetary and material goods.
What is Arnold van Gennep’s rites of separation, transition rites, and rites of incorporation?
Phase of separation occurs when the individual or group detaches from their previous stage of life. Rite of incorporation is when the individual must act according to the new role. Rites of transiton refers to the crossings of thresholds and the completion concludes with the post-liminal rites.
What is liminality and a liminal phase in person’s life?
Limitaltity is derived from the Latin term limen for threshold. A liminal period is an ambiguous stage in a rite of passage where an individual occupies a transitional space between their old and new identities.
What is Victor Turner’s concept of the liminoid? How is it different from the liminal?
Turner’s concept of the liminoid describes liminal-like experiences that are temporary suspensions of the mundane, but do not signify major life transitions from one stage to the next. The liminoid is the break from the normal everyday requirements placed on us my modern society. It differs from the liminal because it isn’t about marking a transition from one stage to another or occupying two different spaces or identities.
Is there any difference between rituals and habits? If so, what is it?
The difference between ritual and habit is a belief,
What are the following types of rituals: passage, unity, season, reversal, displacement, spectacle? Can you give examples to them?
Rites of passage is the transition of one stage of life to the next. Ex. weddings
Rites of unity is performed to renew and re-acknowledge communal ties. Ex. School reunions
Rites of seasons is performed to mark the change of seasons. Ex. Easter
Rites of reversal is a safety valve for society. Ex. Mardi Gras
Rites of displacement is performed to reinforce values and beliefs.
Rites of spectacle is when people may not participate, but celebrate values and beliefs. Ex. Superbowls
