Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is Evolution?
Change over time, change in the population.
Population
A group of individuals of the same species in a given area.
Species
A group of individuals that mate and produce fertile offspring.
Natural Selection
The different success of individuals in a population. Individuals w/ enviromental adaptaion survive and those who lack will not survive.
Microevolution
Changes in the characteristics of a population over time.
Branching Pattern of Descent
Divergence, descent with modification.
Darwin’s Observation
- Individuals w/ population vary
- Some of the variations can be passed on to their offspring.
- Organisms produce more offspring than will survive
- Survival and reproduction are not random
Adaptation
Inherited variations that provide an advantage increase in populations over time.
Mechanisms of Evolution
Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift
3 Types of Natural Selection
Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Diversifying Selection
Tuberculosis
An infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules in the tissues, especially the lungs
Symptoms for TB
Fever, fatigue, thinner
Treatment for TB
Antibiotics, combination therapy
Natural Selection and TB Relation
Bacteria in the pop vary.
Bacteria survival is not random.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment
Ecology
Field in biology that focuses on the interactions between organisms and their environment
Growth Rate Formula
r=birthrate - death rate/1000
Exponential Growth Rate
S-shaped curved, Starts as exponential curve but growth rate decreases as population reaches carrying capacity
Logistic Growth Rate
J-shaped curved, Growth that occurs in the proportion to the current total
Density Dependent Factors
Competition
Diseases
Food Supply
Density Independent Factors
Natural Disasters, Pollution
As population reaches carrying capacity, growth rate declines by…
reduction in birth rate
increase in death rate
or both
Human Population Growth
Growth rate through time
Doubling Rate
NPP
Net Primary Productivity, the amount of food energy available on the planet.
Agriculture
cultivation of crops, raising of livestock
Domesticated Plants
Plants that are the products of artificial selection.
Top 5 Crops in the World
- Wheat
- Potato
- Rice
- Soybean
- Yam
Plants are made of how many organs?
5
Vegetative Organs
Roots, stems, leaves
Reproductive Organs
Flower, fruit
Function of a root
Absorb water and minerals from soil
Function of stems
primarily as a support structure for shoot system
Tubers
stems that have been modified for food storage
Fruits
mature ovary of the flower contain seeds flowers are the sexual organs of angiosperms
Turgid
swollen, bombastic
Photosynthesis Equation
CO2 + H2O + Light Energy —> Glucose + Oxygen
Flaccid
Weak Soft
To Maximize CO2 update
Sufficient water
Role of stoma and guard cells
Stomach
Pores in a leaf, mostly on the undersurface
Salinization
The process of increasing the salt content int the soil.
