Chapter 10

Question 1

What is Evolution?

Answer 1

Change over time, change in the population.

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

A group of individuals of the same species in a given area.

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

A group of individuals that mate and produce fertile offspring.

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

The different success of individuals in a population. Individuals w/ enviromental adaptaion survive and those who lack will not survive.

Question 5

Microevolution

Answer 5

Changes in the characteristics of a population over time.

Question 6

Branching Pattern of Descent

Answer 6

Divergence, descent with modification.

Question 7

Darwin’s Observation

Answer 7

1. Individuals w/ population vary
2. Some of the variations can be passed on to their offspring.
3. Organisms produce more offspring than will survive
4. Survival and reproduction are not random

Question 8

Adaptation

Answer 8

Inherited variations that provide an advantage increase in populations over time.

Question 9

Mechanisms of Evolution

Answer 9

Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift

Question 10

3 Types of Natural Selection

Answer 10

Directional Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Diversifying Selection

Question 11

Tuberculosis

Answer 11

An infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules in the tissues, especially the lungs

Question 12

Symptoms for TB

Answer 12

Fever, fatigue, thinner

Question 13

Treatment for TB

Answer 13

Antibiotics, combination therapy

Question 14

Natural Selection and TB Relation

Answer 14

Bacteria in the pop vary.

Bacteria survival is not random.

Question 15

Carrying Capacity

Answer 15

The maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment

Question 16

Ecology

Answer 16

Field in biology that focuses on the interactions between organisms and their environment

Question 17

Growth Rate Formula

Answer 17

r=birthrate - death rate/1000

Question 18

Exponential Growth Rate

Answer 18

S-shaped curved, Starts as exponential curve but growth rate decreases as population reaches carrying capacity

Question 19

Logistic Growth Rate

Answer 19

J-shaped curved, Growth that occurs in the proportion to the current total

Question 20

Density Dependent Factors

Answer 20

Competition
Diseases
Food Supply

Question 21

Density Independent Factors

Answer 21

Natural Disasters, Pollution

Question 22

As population reaches carrying capacity, growth rate declines by…

Answer 22

reduction in birth rate
increase in death rate
or both

Question 23

Human Population Growth

Answer 23

Growth rate through time

Doubling Rate

Question 24

NPP

Answer 24

Net Primary Productivity, the amount of food energy available on the planet.

Question 25

Agriculture

Answer 25

cultivation of crops, raising of livestock

Question 26

Domesticated Plants

Answer 26

Plants that are the products of artificial selection.

Question 27

Top 5 Crops in the World

Answer 27

1. Wheat
2. Potato
3. Rice
4. Soybean
5. Yam

Question 28

Plants are made of how many organs?

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Vegetative Organs

Answer 29

Roots, stems, leaves

Question 30

Reproductive Organs

Answer 30

Flower, fruit

Question 31

Function of a root

Answer 31

Absorb water and minerals from soil

Question 32

Function of stems

Answer 32

primarily as a support structure for shoot system

Question 33

Tubers

Answer 33

stems that have been modified for food storage

Question 34

Fruits

Answer 34

mature ovary of the flower contain seeds flowers are the sexual organs of angiosperms

Question 35

Turgid

Answer 35

swollen, bombastic

Question 36

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 36

CO2 + H2O + Light Energy —> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 37

Flaccid

Answer 37

Weak Soft

Question 38

To Maximize CO2 update

Answer 38

Sufficient water

Role of stoma and guard cells

Question 39

Stomach

Answer 39

Pores in a leaf, mostly on the undersurface

Question 40

Salinization

Answer 40

The process of increasing the salt content int the soil.