Chapter 10

Question 1

Deffinion of Pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

as medication is administered, it begins to alter a function or process within the body. simply put by binding to a regulatory molecules (proteins) and activating (turning on) or inhibiting (turning off) normal body process.

Question 2

What is classified as a drug?

Answer 2

a drug is ANY substance that interacts with a molecule or protein that plays a regulatory role in living systems. Drugs MUST have a SPECIFIC size, charge, and shape to interact with a given receptor.

Question 3

What is a receptor?

Answer 3

A receptor is a specific molecule, usually a protein, that interacts with a specific chemical in regulatory function. Receptors are responsible for the selectivity of drug action.

Question 4

Endogenous

Answer 4

A substance made inside the body. endo, meaning inside, genous meaning from the beginning

Question 5

Exogenous

Answer 5

A substances made outside the body. Exo, meaning outside the body.

Question 6

What are hormones?

Answer 6

hormones are endogenous drugs made naturally inside the body.

Question 7

Alpha (a)-1 Receptors

Answer 7

causes vasoconstriction of arteries and veins. Agonist Effect

Question 8

Alpha (a)-2 Receptors

Answer 8

insulin restriction, glucagon secretion, inhibition of norepinephrine. Agonist Effect

Question 9

Beta (b)-1 Receptors

Answer 9

increases heart rate, increases myocardial contractility, increases myocardial conduction, and renin secretion for urinary retention. Agonist Effect

Question 10

Beta (b)-2 Receptors

Answer 10

Bronchus and Bronchiole reaction, insulin secretion, uterine relaxation, arterial dilation in certain key organs. Agonist Effect

Question 11

Dapaminergic Receptors

Answer 11

vasodilation of renal and mesenteric arteries. Agonist Effect

Question 12

Nicotinic Receptors

Answer 12

present at neuromuscular junction, allowing acetylcholine (ACh) to stimulate muscle contractions. Agonist effect

Question 13

Muscarinic -2 Receptors

Answer 13

present in the heart; activated by ACh to effect sympathetic stimulation, decreasing heart rate, contractility, and electrical conduction velocity. Agonist Effect

Question 14

Agonist Receptors

Answer 14

Is ANY drug that binds to a receptor and activates (starts) the receptor. in many receptors agonist leaving the binding site deactivated the receptor. however, in other agonist receptors, can permanently activates the receptors. Aspirin is an example.

Question 15

Antagonist Receptors

Answer 15

Is ANY drug that binds to a receptor and PREVENTS (stops) the activation of the receptors.

Question 16

Competitive Antagonist Receptors

Answer 16

Is ANY pharmacological Antagnoist that “competes” with the binding of against at the binding site.

Question 17

Noncompetitive Antagonist Receptors

Answer 17

Is ANY pharmacological antagonist that binds to a site on the receptor OTHER THAN the agonist binding site. it deactivate the receptors

Question 18

Physiologic Antagonist Receptors

Answer 18

When there is an EXCESS Histamine released by the body is a problem. Epinephrine is given to COUNTERACT the effect of the histamine

Question 19

Drug Receptor Interactions

Answer 19

Drugs interact with receptors by means of chemical forces or bonds: Covalent (permanently changing the receptors), Electrostatic (positives connecting to negatives), Hydrogen (hydro to nitro, or hydro to oxygen), lipophilic.

Question 20

Meaning of Affinity

Answer 20

How tightly the receptors binds to the drug

Question 21

Meaning of Bioavailability

Answer 21

Describes the concentration of drug in systemic blood in relation to amount of drug given.

Question 22

IV Bioavailability

Answer 22

100% bioavailability, because it is given directly into the blood.

Question 23

PO Bioavailability

Answer 23

ranges 10%-50% bioavailability, because blood from the GI tract goes directly to the liver. where first pass metabolism takes place.

Question 24

First Pass Effect

Answer 24

all drugs absorbed by GI tract enter the portal blood supply, and go directly to the liver. the liver metabolites many drugs before the enter the systemic blood supply.

Question 25

Potency

Answer 25

Potency: refers to the concentration of a drug needed for the effect. the less the concentration required, the more Potent the drug.

Question 26

Efficacy

Answer 26

Efficacy: refers to the effect of a drug. the more effect, the more efficacious the drug.