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Esthetics | Ms. Janet > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration.

A

barrier function

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2
Q

Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

A

intercellular matrix

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3
Q

Abbreviated EGF; stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.

A

epidermal growth factor

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4
Q

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins

A

fibroblasts.

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5
Q

Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goose bumps and papillae.

A

arrector pili muscle

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6
Q

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system.

A

Langerhans immune cells

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7
Q

Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair.

A

sebum

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8
Q

Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection.

A

keratin

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9
Q

Outermost layer of skin; a thin, protective layer with many cells, mechanisms and nerve endings. It is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.

A

epidermis

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10
Q

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules.

A

rosacea

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11
Q

Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin.

A

telangiectasia

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12
Q

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat.

A

apocrine glands

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13
Q

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor.

A

eccrine glands

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14
Q

Also called derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis.

A

dermis layer

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15
Q

Also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body.

A

subcutaneous layer

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16
Q

Deeper layer of the dermis containing proteins, collagen, and elastin that give the skin its strength and elasticity.

A

reticular layer

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17
Q

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis.

A

papillary layer

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18
Q

Also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes

There are 15 to 20 layers in this layer

A

stratum corneum

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19
Q

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

A

stratum lucidum

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20
Q

Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replace cells shed from the stratum corneum.

A

stratum granulosum

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21
Q

Also known as spiny layer; layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins.

A

stratum spinosum

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22
Q

Also known as basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.

A

stratum germinativum

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23
Q

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies.

A

leukocytes

24
Q

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness.

A

elastin

25
Q

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function.

A

ceramides

26
Q

Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation End products( a.k.a. AGES). Glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.

A

glycation

27
Q

The protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water.

A

Acid mantle

28
Q

Tube like openings for sweat glands on epidermis

A

Pores

29
Q

Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body., contains fat for use of energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

A

Adipose tissue

30
Q

Creative oxidants that search the body for other electrons that will allow them to become stable, neutral molecules again.

A

Free radicals

31
Q

the study of the structure and

composition of the skin tissue.

A

Histology

32
Q

the study of the functions of

living organisms.

A

Physiology

33
Q

specialist in the cleansing,
beautification, and preservation of the
health of the skin on the entire body
including the face and neck

A

Esthetician

34
Q

technicians,

skin therapists, or specialists.

A

Estheticians are referred to as

35
Q

• Covers 22 square feet.
• Weighs about 7 pounds.
• Protects muscles, bones, and nerves.
• Serves as a barrier against environment.
• Eyelids have thinnest skin.
• Palms and soles have thickest skin.
• Contains about one-half to two-thirds of
the blood in the body.
• Contains one-half of the primary immune
cells.

A

Skin Facts

36
Q
  • Slightly moist.
  • Soft and flexible.
  • Smooth and fine-grained.
  • Possesses slightly acid reaction.
A

Healthy Skin Characteristics

37
Q
  • Millions of cells
  • 8 feet of blood vessels
  • 32 feet of nerves
  • 650 sweat glands
  • 100 oil glands
  • 65 hairs
  • 1,300 nerve endings
  • 155 pressure receptors
  • 12 cold and heat receptors
A

Contents of One

Square Inch of Skin

38
Q 
– Sensation
– Heat Regulation
– Absorption
– Protection
– Excretion
– Secretion
A

Skin Functions

39
Q

• Protects body from injury and bacterial
invasion.
• Acid mantle is a protective barrier made
up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water.
• The hydrophilic component protects skin
from drying out and exposure.
• Skin repairs itself when injured.

A

Protection

40
Q

(pigment protects skin from the sun)

A

Melanin

41
Q 
• Skin responds to:
• Heat, cold, touch,
pressure, pain
• Millions of nerve-end
fibers on the skin’s
surface detect stimuli.
• Sensations send
messages to
the brain.
A

Sensation

42
Q

• Protects body from environment.
• Average body temperature is 98.6 degrees.
• Maintains thermoregulation through:
• Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and
insulation
• Protects from cold and heat.

A

Heat Regulation

43
Q

• Sudoriferous glands: sweat glands
excrete perspiration and detoxify the body
by excreting excess water, salt, and
unwanted chemicals.
• Pores: openings for the sweat glands; the
vehicle through which waste is excreted.

A

Excretion

44
Q

• Sebum lubricates the skin and hair.
• Skin is about 50 to 70 % water.
• Sebum slows evaporation of water
(transepidermal water loss – TEWL).
• Emotional stress and hormone imbalances
can stimulate oil glands to increase sebum
flow, which can lead to skin problems.

A

Secretion

45
Q

The skin is composed of two main layers, the epidermis and the
dermis.

A

Layers of the Skin

46
Q

the mother cells that divide in the

basal layer forming new daughter cells.

A

Stem cells

47
Q

move up through layers before
becoming hardened corneocytes
of the stratum corneum.

A

Daughter cells

48
Q 
• Stratum corneum – the “horny” cells.
• Stratum lucidum – the “clear” cells.
• Stratum granulosum – the “grainy” cells.
• Stratum spinosum – the “spiny” cells.
• Stratum germinativum – the “growth”
layer.
A

Epidermis Layers

49
Q 
• Pheomelanin: Red to yellow in
color. Fair skin has about 20
melanosomes per keratinocyte.
• Eumelanin: Dark brown to black.
Dark skin contains about 200
melanosomes per keratinocyte.
A

Two Types of Melanin

50
Q

• Motor nerve fibers: distributed to arrector
pili muscles attached to hair follicles;
cause goose flesh; include secretory
nerves.
• Sensory nerve fibers: react to heat, cold,
touch, pressure, and pain; send messages
to the brain.

A

Nerves

51
Q 
• Hair is an appendage
of the skin.
• Hair is a slender,
threadlike outgrowth of the
skin and scalp.
• Hair contains 90 percent
hard keratin, which forms
long, continuous sheets
(fingernails) or long,
endless fibers (hair).
A

Hair and the Skin

52
Q
  • The nail is an appendage of the skin.
  • A hard, translucent plate that protects the fingers and toes.
  • Composed of keratin.
  • Onyx is the technical term for nail.
  • Nail contains no blood vessels and grows about 1/10th of an inch per month.
A

Nails and the Skin

53
Q

Blood and lymph nourish the skin.

A

Skin Nourishment

54
Q 
• Also known as aging rays.
• Contribute up to 95% of sun’s UVR
reaching the Earth’s surface.
• UVA weakens the skin’s collagen and
elastin fibers causing wrinkling and
sagging in the tissues.
• Can penetrate glass and clouds.
A

UVA Rays

55
Q

• Also known as burning rays.
• Cause burning, tanning, aging, and skin
cancer.
• Skin should be checked regularly for signs
of potential skin cancer.

A

UVB Rays

Esthetics | Ms. Janet (2 decks)

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