Chapter 10

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

energy that has the potential to do work and so the energy is ‘stored’, such 339as gravitational energy, elastic energy and chemical energy

Question 2

Gravitational energy

Answer 2

energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level

Question 3

Elastic Energy

Answer 3

the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

Question 4

Chemical energy

Answer 4

potential energy derived from chemical reactions

Question 5

Electrical energy

Answer 5

the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

Question 6

Kinetic energy

Answer 6

energy due to the motion of an object

Question 7

Heat energy

Answer 7

Heat energy (or thermal energy or simply heat) is defined as a form of energy which transfers among particles in a substance (or system) by means of kinetic energy of those particles. … In physical equations, the amount of heat transferred is usually denoted by the symbol Q.

Question 8

Light energy

Answer 8

Light energy is defined as how nature moves energy at an extremely rapid rate, and it makes up about 99% of the body’s atoms and cells, and signal all body parts to carry out their respective tasks. An example of light energy is the movement of a radio signal.

Question 9

Sound energy

Answer 9

Sound is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate — the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave.

Question 10

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 10

a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.

Question 11

Efficiency

Answer 11

the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage.

Question 12

Thermal energy transfer

Answer 12

Heat may be transferred by means of conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy (heat in transfer) due to collisions between the molecules in the object. Collisions between adjacent atoms and molecules transfer kinetic energy from the warmer to the cooler object.

Question 13

Conduction

Answer 13

transfer of heat through collisions between particles

Question 14

Convection

Answer 14

transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Question 15

Radiation

Answer 15

a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Question 16

Reflected

Answer 16

bounced off

Question 17

Transmitted

Answer 17

passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air

Question 18

Absorbed

Answer 18

taken in

Question 19

Conductor

Answer 19

a material or device that conducts or transmits heat or electricity, especially when regarded in terms of its capacity to do this.

Question 20

Insulator

Answer 20

a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Question 21

Luminous

Answer 21

releasing its own light

Question 22

Incandescent

Answer 22

describes objects that emit light when they are hot

Question 23

Bioluminescent

Answer 23

describes living things that release light energy

Question 24

Non-luminous

Answer 24

describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

Question 25

Vibrations

Answer 25

repeated fast, back-and-forth movements

Question 26

Compression

Answer 26

the process of pushing a material into itself

Question 27

Rarefaction

Answer 27

in sound waves, the layers of air particles that are spread apart (between compressions)

Question 28

Frequency/Pitch

Answer 28

number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second