Chapter 10

Question 1

Information System

Answer 1

software and data that help in planning and decision making

Question 2

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Answer 2

Process used to develop information systems. Steps:

1. Problem Identification
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Development
5. Testing
6. Maintenance

Question 3

Program Specification

Answer 3

clear statement of the goals and objectives of the project.

Question 4

Data Flow Diagrams

Answer 4

trace all data in an information system from the point at which data enters the system to its final resting place.

Question 5

Scope Creep

Answer 5

an ever-changing set of requests from the clients for additional features as they wait longer and longer to see a working prototype.

Question 6

Programming

Answer 6

the process of translating a task into a series of commands that a computer will use to perform that task.

Question 7

Program Development lifecycle

Answer 7

1. describe the problem
2. making a plan
3. coding
4. Debugging
5. Testing

Question 8

Problem statement

Answer 8

the starting point of programming work. It is a clear description of what tasks the computer program must accomplish and how the program will execute those tasks and respond to unusual situations

Question 9

algorithm

Answer 9

specific sequential steps taht describe exactly what the computer program myst do to complete the work.

Question 10

Data

Answer 10

Raw input that users have at the start of the job.

Question 11

information

Answer 11

the result, or output, that the users require at the end of the job.

Question 12

Method

Answer 12

the process of how the program converts the inputs into the correct outputs.

Question 13

error handling

Answer 13

part of the program statement that addresses what the program should do if invalid data is inputed.

Question 14

testing plan

Answer 14

lists specific input numbers that the programmers would typically expect the user to enter.

Question 15

Flowcharts

Answer 15

provide a visual representation of the patterns the algorithm comprises.

Question 16

Pseudocode

Answer 16

a text based approach to documenting an algorithm. In pseudocode, words describe the actions that the algorithm will take.

Question 17

decision points

Answer 17

places in algorithms where the program must choose from a list of actions based on the value of a certain input.

Question 18

binary decisions

Answer 18

decision points that are usually referred to as “fork in the road” because they can be answered in one of only two ways.

Question 19

loop

Answer 19

in a loop, a question is asked, and if the answer is yes, a set of actions is performed

Question 20

Initial value

Answer 20

a beginning point; the total pay for the week starts at the initial value of $0.

Question 21

test condition

Answer 21

a check to see whether the loop is completed. The algorithm should run the loop seven times, no more and no fewer.

Question 22

control structures

Answer 22

the general term used for keywords in a programming language that allow the programmer to direct the flow of the program bases on a decision.

Question 23

Top down designs

Answer 23

a systematic approach in which a problem is broken into a series of high level tasks.

Question 24

object oriented analysis

Answer 24

programmers first identify all the categories of inputs that are part of the problem the program is meant to solve.

Question 25

classes

Answer 25

categories in object oriented analysis

Question 26

object

Answer 26

Different examples of a class.

Question 27

reusability

Answer 27

general and reusable solutions created normally through programming in object oriented analysis.

Question 28

inheritance

Answer 28

a new class can automatically pick up all the data and methods of an exisiting class and then can extend and customize those to fit its own specific needs.

Question 29

base class

Answer 29

the original class.

Question 30

derived class

Answer 30

the new modified class.

Question 31

Syntax

Answer 31

an agreed on set of rules defining how a language must be structured.

Question 32

Statements

Answer 32

sentences in a code.

Question 33

syntax errors

Answer 33

violations of the strict, precise set of rules that define the programming language

Question 34

keywords

Answer 34

set of words that have predefined meanings for a particular language.

Question 35

Data types

Answer 35

describes the kind of data being stored at the memory location.

Question 36

operators

Answer 36

coding symbols that represent