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Principles of Pharmacology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology is…

A

the scientific study of how various substances interact with or alter the function of living organisms

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2
Q

The administration that approves new medications and removes unsafe medications from use

A

United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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3
Q

What does it mean when a med is used “off-label”?

A
  • A purpose not approved by the FDA
  • At doses different from the recommended doses
  • By a route of administration not approved by the FDA
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4
Q

Schedule I drugs

A

high abuse potential; no recognized medical purpose

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5
Q

Schedule II drug

A

high abuse potential; legitimate medical purpose

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6
Q

Schedule III drug

A

Lower potential for abuse than Schedule II medications

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7
Q

Schedule IV drugs

A

Lower potential for abuse than Schedule III drugs

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8
Q

Schedule V drugs

A

Lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV drugs

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9
Q

What is a synthetic drug?

A

Made completely in a laboratory

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10
Q

What is a semisynthetic drug?

A

Made from chemicals derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources

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11
Q

What is medication monograph also known as?

A

Medical profile

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12
Q

What is a great reference for more info about a drug?

A

Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) or the USP-NF

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13
Q

What is Pharmacodynamics?

A

a medication is administered, it alters a function or process of the body (what the drug does to YOU)

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14
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

action of the body on a medication (what you do to the drug)

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15
Q

What is an endogenous chemical?

A

Originates from within the organism (the body)

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16
Q

What is an exogenous chemical?

A

Originates from outside the body (medications)

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17
Q

What 4 possibilities happen when a medication binds with receptor site?

A
  • Channels permitting the passage of ions in cell walls -may be opened or closed.
  • A biochemical messenger becomes activated.
  • A normal cell function is prevented.
  • A normal or abnormal cell function begins.
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18
Q

What does an AGONIST medication do?

A

Initiate or alter cellular activity

19
Q

What does an ANTAGONIST medication do?

A

prevent agonist chemicals from reaching cell receptor sites.

20
Q

What is the “threshold level”?

A

level at which initiation of alteration of cellular activity begins

21
Q

What is “potency”?

A

concentration of medication required to initiate a cellular response

22
Q

What is “efficacy”?

A

ability to initiate or alter cell activity in a therapeutic or desired manner

23
Q

What is the dose-response curve?

A

Illustrates the relationship of medication concentration and efficacy

24
Q

What is competitive antagonists?

A

Temporarily bind with cellular receptor sites.

25
Q

What is NON-competitive antagonists?

A

Permanently bind with receptor sites and prevent activation by agonist chemicals. Effects continue until new receptor sites or cells are created

26
Q

Partial agonist chemicals are…?

A

Chemicals that do not initiate as much cellular activity as other agonists

27
Q

What are antimicrobial meds?

A

May target specific substances present in the cell walls of a bacteria or fungi

28
Q

What are chelating agents?

A
  • Bind with heavy metals.

- Sodium bicarbonate

29
Q

What are dieuretics?

A

Create osmotic changes.

Alter distribution of fluids and electrolytes.

30
Q

What are Electrolyte-based medications?

A

Change concentration and distribution of ions in cells and fluids throughout the body.

31
Q

What factors affect response to medications?

A 
Choice of medication
Dose
Route
Timing
Manner of administration
Monitoring
32
Q

How does hyperthermia affect medication?

A

May increase metabolism of drugs

May reduce amount of drug returned to circulation

33
Q

How does hypothermia affect medication?

A

Impairs effectiveness of medications used in traditional cardiac life support

34
Q

What is “hematocrit”?

A

The % of red blood cells in the intravascular space

35
Q

What is an idiosyncratic reaction?

A

A reaction that is completely unexpected and not previously known to occur with a particular medication.

36
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

The relationship between the median effective dose and the median lethal dose. [The “sweet spot” between it being effective and killing you.]

Large difference: medication is safe.
Small difference: patient needs to be monitored.

37
Q

What is medication tolerance?

A

Certain medications have a decreased efficacy when taken repeatedly

38
Q

What is cross tolerance?

A

repeated exposure within a particular class has the potential to cause a tolerance to the class

39
Q

What is tachyphylaxis?

A

repeated doses within a short time rapidly cause tolerance

40
Q

How long can IO’s be left in place?

A

24hrs

41
Q

What is a contraindication for an IO?

A

fractured bones

42
Q

Describes the extent to which a medication will spread within the body.

A

Volume of distribution

43
Q

The “Six Rights” of medication administration?

A

Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation/reporting

Principles of Pharmacology (1 decks)

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