Chapter 10

Question 1

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 1

Increased concentration in blood solutes, ADH release from pituitary gland, increase in water reabsorption by kidneys, increase in blood volume and pressure.

Question 2

Rennin

Answer 2

Decreased blood volume and blood pressure, rennin secreted by kidneys, angiotensin II, aldosterone, kidneys retain Na and Cl thereby retaining water.

Question 3

Functions of electrolytes

Answer 3

Regulate fluid balance
Enable nerves to respond to stimuli
Signal muscles to contract

Question 4

How much water do we need?

Answer 4

AI: men = 3.7L
AI: women =2.7L
Kidneys can handle more than 0.7L/hr

Question 5

When you lose more water than usual:

Answer 5

Illness, injury, pregnancy, breastfeeding, exercise, high altitude, diuretics

Question 6

AI for sodium

Answer 6

1500mg, and no more than 2300mg

Question 7

Hypernatremia

Answer 7

Abnormally high blood sodium. Causes high blood pressure and edema.

Question 8

Hyponatremia

Answer 8

Abnormally low blood sodium. Can lead to seizures, coma, and death if untreated.

Question 9

AI for potassium

Answer 9

4700mg

Question 10

Sources of potassium

Answer 10

Fresh fruits, veg, legumes, and whole grains.

Question 11

Hyperkalemia

Answer 11

High blood potassium levels. Can alter normal heart rhythm, resulting in heart attack and death.

Question 12

Hypokalemia

Answer 12

Low blood potassium levels

Question 13

AI of chloride

Answer 13

2300mg

Question 14

RDA for phosphorus

Answer 14

700mg

Question 15

Sources of phosphorus

Answer 15

High protein foods, soft drinks

Question 16

Normal blood pressure

High blood pressure

Answer 16

120/80

140/90