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AP Biology Ch. 9 and 10 Test > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

1) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen
(18O), later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the
algae contain the 18O label. That one is

A

E) O2.

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2
Q

2) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are
utilized in the Calvin cycle?

A

E) ATP and NADPH

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3
Q

3) What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle?

A

E) ATP and NADPH

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4
Q

4) Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

A) stroma of the chloroplast

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5
Q

5) In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic, what group(s) is (are) always necessary?

A

D) autotrophs

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6
Q

6) In autotrophic bacteria, where are the enzymes located that can carry on organic synthesis?

A

E) along the inner surface of the plasma membrane

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7
Q

7) When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the
following?

A

B) splitting the water molecules

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8
Q

8) A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish
yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

A

B) blue and violet

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9
Q

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus
exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and
then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the
areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
9) What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue
areas?

A

C) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being
released.

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10
Q

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus
exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and
then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the
areas illuminated by the red and blue light. An outcome of this experiment was to help determine

A

D) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during
photosynthesis

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11
Q

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus
exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and
then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the
areas illuminated by the red and blue light.

If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you
predict?

A

The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.

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12
Q

Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for
photosynthesis. Why are they different?

A

D) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.

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13
Q

13) What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

A

A) 420 mm

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14
Q

14) Compared with the lines for chlorophyll a in the figure, where would you expect to find the
lines to differ for chlorophyll b?

A

A) The absorption spectrum line would be lowest for chlorophyll b somewhat to the right
of that for chlorophyll a (500—600).

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15
Q

15) In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules?

A

B) harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll

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16
Q

16) The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because

A

B) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.

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17
Q

17) Which of the events listed below occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

E) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.

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18
Q

18) Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

A

D) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.

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19
Q

19) Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

A

B) receiving electrons from plastocyanin

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20
Q

20) Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able
to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be

A

B) to test for liberation of O2 in the light.

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21
Q

21) What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

A

C) ATP and NADPH

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22
Q

22) As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the
Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000
molecules of NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?

A

C) cyclic electron flow

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23
Q

23) Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer
separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the
following processes?

A

D) the synthesis of ATP

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24
Q

24) What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

A

A) establishment of a proton gradient

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25
Q

25) Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then
transferred in the dark to a pH-8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

A

A) The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP.

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26
Q

26) In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

A

D) A and C

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27
Q

27) In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the
intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from

A

C) the stroma to the thylakoid space.

28
Q

28) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis
and respiration?

A

B) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases
it

29
Q

29) Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?

A

A) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

30
Q

30) Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

A

C) both photosynthesis and respiration.

31
Q

31) Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during

A

B) respiration.

32
Q

32) Reduction of NADP+ occurs during

A

B) respiration

33
Q

33) The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during

A

D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration.

34
Q

34) Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

A

C) both photosynthesis and respiration.

35
Q

35) What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per
photon?

A

B) They are inversely related

36
Q

36) In a protein complex for the light reaction (a reaction center), energy is transferred from
pigment molecule to pigment molecule, to a special chlorophyll a molecule, and eventually
to the primary electron acceptor. Why does this occur?

A

C) The molecular environment lets it boost an electron to a higher energy level and also
to transfer the electron to another molecule.

37
Q

37) P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?

A

D) This molecule results from the transfer of an electron to the primary electron acceptor
of photosystem II and strongly attracts another electron

38
Q

38) Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria) have photosystem I but not II,
while others (e.g. cyanobacteria) have both PSI and PSII. Which of the following might this
observation imply?

A

B) Photosystem I must be more ancestral.

39
Q

39) Cyclic electron flow may be photoprotective (protective to light-induced damage). Which
of the following experiments could provide information on this phenomenon?

A

A) using mutated organisms that can grow but that cannot carry out cyclic flow of
electrons and compare their abilities to photosynthesize in different light intensities

40
Q

40) Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in
human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

A

B) They dissipate excessive light energy.

41
Q

41) In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the stroma to the thylakoid space.
Therefore the catalyticʺknobsʺof ATP synthase would be located

A

D) on the stroma side of the membrane

42
Q

42) Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light
reactions and the Calvin cycle?

A

A) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle
returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.

43
Q

43) Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

A

A) stroma of the chloroplast

44
Q

44) What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

A

E) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide

45
Q

45) Produces molecular oxygen (O2)

A

A) light reactions alone

46
Q

46) Requires ATP

A

B) the Calvin cycle alone

47
Q

47) Produces NADH

A

D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

48
Q

48) Produces NADPH

A

A) light reactions alone

49
Q

49) Produces three-carbon sugars

A

B) the Calvin cycle alone

50
Q

50) Requires CO2

A

B) the Calvin cycle alone

51
Q

51) Requires glucose

A

D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

52
Q

52) The sugar that results from threeʺturnsʺof the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Which of the following is a consequence of this?

A

D) The formation of starch in plants involves assembling many G3P molecules, with or
without further rearrangements.

53
Q

53) In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a 6 carbon molecule,
which is then split in two. After phosphorylation and reduction, what more needs to
happen in the Calvin cycle?

A

D) regeneration of rubisco

54
Q

54) If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, in which molecules will
the radioactivity be measurable after oneʺturnʺof the cycle?

A

E) in B, C, D, and E

55
Q

55) If the carbon atom of the incoming CO2 molecule is labeled with a radioactive isotope of
carbon, where will the radioactivity be measurable after one cycle?

A

B) in E only

56
Q

56) Which molecule(s) of the Calvin cycle is/are most like molecules found in glycolysis?

A

D) C and D only

57
Q

57) In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as
heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered. What do they do?

A

E) both oxidize and reduce during electron transport

58
Q

58) The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and
of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to
find?

A

A) The pH within the thylakoid is less than that of the stroma.

59
Q

59) Which of the following statements is true concerning Figure 10.3?

A

A) It represents cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis.

60
Q

60) Referring to Figure 10.3, oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in

A

B) cell II only.

61
Q

61) In which cell would you expect photorespiration?

A

B) Cell II

62
Q

62) In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant
with radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first
into oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as a

A

A) C4 plant.

63
Q

63) Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

A

B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2.

64
Q

64) CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this
because they

A

A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

65
Q

65) Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by preventing the formation of

A

B) 3-phosphoglycerate molecules

66
Q

66) The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be
compromises. Why?

A

C) Each one both minimizes photorespiration and optimizes the Calvin cycle

67
Q

67) If plant gene alterations cause the plants to be deficient in photorespiration, what would
most probably occur?

A

C) Less ATP would be generated.

AP Biology Ch. 9 and 10 Test (1 decks)

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