Chapter 10

Question 1

A driven shaft fitted with rotating wheels or irregular shape (cams) that open and close the valves in the engine.

Answer 1

Camshaft

Question 2

The ratio of the volume of the cylinder at the start of a stroke compared to the smaller (compressed) volume of the cylinder at the end of a stroke.

Answer 2

Compression ratio

Question 3

A component that connects a piston to a crankshaft.

Answer 3

Connecting rod

Question 4

A fluid that circulates around or through an engine to remove the heat or combustion. The fluid may be a liquid (example water or antifreeze) or a gas (example air or freon).

Answer 4

Coolant

Question 5

A component that converts the piston’s up and down or forward and backward motion into rotational motion.

Answer 5

Crankshaft

Question 6

The casing of an engine that houses the pistons and cylinders.

Answer 6

Engine block

Question 7

A chamber or cavity in an engine that collects exhaust gases and directs them out of the engine.

Answer 7

Exhaust port

Question 8

Valve in the head at the end of each cylinder. It opens and directs the exhaust from the cylinder to the exhaust port.

Answer 8

Exhaust valve

Question 9

The component of an engine on the top of the piston cylinders that contains the intake and exhaust valves.

Answer 9

Head

Question 10

An air channel that directs fuel gases to an intake valve.

Answer 10

Intake port

Question 11

A valve located in the head, at the top of each cylinder, that opens and allows feul gases to enter the cylinder.

Answer 11

Intake valve

Question 12

A component that serves as a reservoir for the oil used to lubricate internal combustion engine parts.

Answer 12

Oil pan/sump

Question 13

A component that moves up and down or backward and forward inside a cylinder.

Answer 13

Piston

Question 14

A flat steel ring or sleeve coated with soft metal and placed between the connecting rod and the crankshaft.

Answer 14

Rod bearing

Question 15

A component in a gas turbine attached to the shaft of the turbine. The steam or gas causes the turbine to spin by impinging on the rotating blades. The steam or gas slows and is redirected as it transfers energy to the rotating blades.

Answer 15

Rotating blade

Question 16

A component in an internal combustion engine that supplies the spark to ignite the air/fuel mixture.

Answer 16

Spark plug

Question 17

A set of nozzles or stationery blades plus a set of rotating blades.

Answer 17

Stage

Question 18

A component in a gas turbine attached to the case that does not rotate. Stationary blades change the direction of the flow of the steam or combustion gas, and redirect it to the next stage of rotating blades.

Answer 18

Stationary blade

Question 19

A cover over the head that keeps the valves and camshaft clean and free of dust or debris’s, and keeps lubricating oil contained.

Answer 19

Valve cover

Question 20

Engines in which the combustion (burning) of fuel and an oxidizer (usually air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. As the fuel is combusted, and exothermic (heat producing) reaction occurs that creates high temperatures. High pressure gases expand and act on various parts of the engine (example pistons are rotors), causing movement.

Answer 20

Internal combustion engines

Question 21

Gasoline engines were invented in 1876 by ___________________.

Answer 21

Nicholas Otto

Question 22

___________________ developed the idea for the diesel engine and obtained the German patent in 1892.

Answer 22

Rudolf Diesel

Question 23

Can be an efficient resource in the process industries because the steam required to drive them can be produced through the combustion of waste products. As these waste products are combusted in a furnace or other combustion device, heat is produced. This heat is then used to generate the steam necessary to power the turbine. They may also be selected when a powerful engine is needed to drive large equipment (example pumps, compressors, or generators) because they’re smaller and more compact than similarly sized electric motors.

Answer 23

Steam turbines

Question 24

Energy is extracted from the combustion exhaust gas to improve efficiency. That is, while the turbine extracts most of the energy, the gases exiting the turbine are still very hot and could be used to boil water and produce steam.

Answer 24

Combined cycle engine

Question 25

Heavier and oilier than gasoline, it also has a different odor.

Answer 25

Diesel

Question 26

________________ can be classified as two cycle or four cycle. While both engine types contain the same four processes the way they accomplish them differs.

Answer 26

Internal combustion engines

Question 27

Complete the same four processes as four cycle engines do, but they complete them in two strokes instead of four.

Answer 27

Two cycle engines

Question 28

Gasoline and diesel engines function using similar four stage engine cycles:

Answer 28

1. Intake
2. Compression and ignition
3. Expansion and work
4. Exhaust

Question 29

In a ______________ engine, only air is in the cylinder during the compression stroke.

Answer 29

Diesel

Question 30

All engines have a lubrication system for the bearings in moving parts. Because one of the functions of the lubrication system is to _______________________, there is a cooling system for the oil.

Answer 30

remove excess heat

Question 31

Increase the pressure of the combustion air.

Answer 31

Compressors

Question 32

Process technicians must realize that certain problem situations may occur when operating engines. These potential problems include:

Answer 32

1. Mechanical driver problems
2. High levels of vibration
3. High temperatures
4. Turbine trips
5. Equipment failure

Question 33

Critical to the proper operation of all engines. Routine oil sampling, on site inspection, and offsite analysis or critical parts of a good lubrication program.

Answer 33

Lubrication

Question 34

Used to identify substantial problems, such as water content, other contaminants, odor, discoloration, foam, and emulsion state.

Answer 34

On site checks

Question 35

Indicates problems such as elemental materials in the oil, and other problems such as bearing wear. Also indicates the condition of the oil and its additives, which should be graphed to ensure the oil is not degrading faster than expected.

Answer 35

Off-site analysis reports

Question 36

If make up lubrication oil is needed, it is imperative that the proper lubricant is used, as specified in the standard operating procedures or by the manufacture. Many locations label the required lubricant on the equipment to reduce potential error. Using the wrong lubricant can result in:

Answer 36

1. Serious and costly equipment damage
2. Catastrophic failure
3. Fire
4. Explosion
5. Injury to personnel

Question 37

The fuel that is most commonly used in a gas turbine engine is:

Answer 37

Natural gas

Question 38

In an ________________ Engine, fuel is combusted (burned) outside the engine.

Answer 38

External combustion

Question 39

(True or False) The primary difference between a gasoline and diesel engine is that a gasoline engine uses compression ignition while a diesel engine uses spark ignition.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The correct order for the stages of an internal combustion engine are:

Answer 40

Exhaust, intake, compression, power

Question 41

(True or False) the Otto cycle is the term used to describe a four cycle internal combustion engine.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

(True or False) Compression gas turbines can drive only small pumps, not large pups.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Turbine trips are caused by:

Answer 43

high-speed, loss of oil pressure, high vibration, and other conditions.

Question 44

A typical cause of high lubrication oil temperature is:

Answer 44

Bearing failure