Chapter 10

Question 1

alliances between specific members against a third member

Answer 1

coalitions

Question 2

alliances between family members of two different generations

Answer 2

cross-generational alliances

Question 3

a tehcnique that involves helping the family see its problem from a different and more positive perspective

Answer 3

reframing

Question 4

the selective description of a transaction

Answer 4

punctuation

Question 5

a procedure wherein the counselor supports an individual or subsystem against the rest of the family

Answer 5

unbalancing

Question 6

a process that consists of a family bringing their problematic behaviors, such as making decisions, into treatment sessions and demonstrating them; counselor challenges their existing patterns and rules as the family gains heightened awareness of the way they function

Answer 6

enactment

Question 7

the process of creating lines that separate people of subsystems from each other psychologically in order to maximize individual and group development and functioning

Answer 7

boundary making

Question 8

the structural method of changing maladaptive transactions by using strong affect, related intervention, or prolonged pressure in order to help an individual or family reach a goal by doing something differently

Answer 8

intensity

Question 9

changing the structure of the family by altering existing hierarchies or interaction patterns so that problems are not maintained

Answer 9

restructuring

Question 10

the verbal component of what is primarily action-oriented approach that includes advice, information, pragmatic fictions, and paradox

Answer 10

adding cognitive constructions

Question 11

pronouncements that help people change

Answer 11

pragmatic fictions

Question 12

a confusing message meant to frustrate and motivate an individual or group to seek alternative actions

Answer 12

paradox

Question 13

based on the belief that when dysfunctional symptoms occur, they are in an attempt to help people adapt; this approach seems problems as occurring within a developmental framework of the family cycle

Answer 13

strategic (brief) counseling

Question 14

the overt and covert rules facilities use to govern themselves

Answer 14

family rules

Question 15

the tendency of families to remain in their same pattern of functioning unless challenged to do otherwise

Answer 15

family homeostasis

Question 16

the responsiveness of family members to treat each other in ways they are treated

Answer 16

quid pro quo

Question 17

the idea that events are interconnected and that factors behind a behavior are multiple

Answer 17

circular causality

Question 18

the results will help individuals make other behavior changes as well

Answer 18

spillover effect

Question 19

giving a new perspective to a behavior

Answer 19

relabeling

Question 20

having the couple or family display voluntarily what they had previously manifested involuntarily (fighting)

Answer 20

prescribing the symptom

Question 21

based on the assumption that people really want to change and that change is inevitable

Answer 21

solution-focused counseling

Question 22

who are not involved in the problem and are not a part of the solution

Answer 22

visitors

Question 23

who complain about situations but can be observant and describe problems even if they are not invested in resolving them

Answer 23

complainants

Question 24

who are not only able to describe problems and how they are involved in them, but are willing to work on finding solutions

Answer 24

customers

Question 25

basically focuses on a hypothetical situation where a problem has disappeared

Answer 25

miracle question

Question 26

where the client is asked to use a scale from 1 to 1- to evaluate how severe the problem is; helps clients understand both where they are in regards to a problem and where they need to move in order to realistically achieve their goals

Answer 26

scaling

Question 27

written messages designed to praise clients for their strengths and build a “yes set” within them

Answer 27

compliments

Question 28

a belief that they can resolve difficulties

Answer 28

yes set

Question 29

intended to alter clients to the idea that some behaviors they are doing now are likely to continue and they should not worry about them

Answer 29

clues

Question 30

procedures that have worked before and that have universal applications in regard to unlocking a variety of problems

Answer 30

skeleton keys

Question 31

characterized by stories, meaningfulness, and liveliness, in an effort to help clients redefine their lives and relationships through new narratives

Answer 31

narrative reasoning

Question 32

separates a person from a problem and objectifies difficulties so that the resources of a client can be focused on how a situation can be dealt with; how the problem affects the person and how the person affects the problem

Answer 32

externalization of the problem

Question 33

the client examines possible aspects of a problem before the need arises

Answer 33

raising dilemmas

Question 34

the client will think about what to do in the face of adversity

Answer 34

predicting setbacks

Question 35

by refining one’s life and relationships through a new narrative, change becomes possible; changing their stories

Answer 35

reauthoring

Question 36

a perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms

Answer 36

crisis

Question 37

the employment of a variety of direct and action-oriented approaches to help individuals find resources within themselves and/or deal externally with crisis

Answer 37

crisis counseling

Question 38

an exposure to an event in which a person is confronted with actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to self or others’ physical well-being

Answer 38

trauma

Question 39

the kind of counseling that people participate in when they have perceived a threat to their life

Answer 39

trauma counseling

Question 40

a natural reaction to loss

Answer 40

grieving

Question 41

type of crisis that takes place in the normal flow of human growth and development under circumstances considered normal

Answer 41

developmental crisis

Question 42

type of crisis that is uncommon and extraordinary in which an individual has no way of predicting or controlling

Answer 42

situational crisis

Question 43

a type of crisis that includes inner conflicts and anxieties that accompany important human issues of purpose, responsibility, independence, freedom, and committment

Answer 43

existential crisis

Question 44

type of crisis in which some natural or human caused disaster overtakes a person or a group of people who find themselves, through no fault or action of their own, inundated in the aftermath of an event that may adversely affect visually every member of the environment in which they live

Answer 44

ecosystemic crisis

Question 45

three stages of crisis counseling

Answer 45

pre crisis preparation, in crisis action, post crisis recovery

Question 46

a seven stage group approach that is used to help individuals deal with their thoughts and feelings in a controlled environment using two counselors; ranges from 1-3 hours and provided 1-10 days after an acute crisis

Answer 46

CISD; crisis incident stress debriefing

Question 47

uses some of the same techniques as in CISD but the treatment lasts from 15 to 2 hours and for only one to three sessions

Answer 47

one-to-one crisis counseling