chapter 10 Flashcards
DNA is copied
in the S phase of interphase
A gene
is a sequence of nitrogeneous bases in DNA
Sister Chromatids
contain identical DNA information
In mitosis, chromosomes line up at the cell mid plane during
Metaphase
Cell plate formation occurs
during cytokinesis
Cell division in bacteria is called
binary fission
In mitosis the nuclear membrane begins to breakdown during
Prophase
Meiosis produces
haploid cells
each homolog of a pair of homologous chromosomes
carries the same genes but potentially different alleles than its pair
Crossing over occurs during
prophase 1
Homologs separate during
anaphase 1
Genetic variation during sexual reproduction occurs during
crossover and independent assortment
Prokaryotic chromosomes are
circular
During Mitosis the # of chromosomes
stay the same from beginning to end.
During Meiosis the # of chromosomes
cut in half from beginning to end
2 identical sister chromatids are
replicated chromosomes
Chromosomes
the major carriers of genetic information in eukaryotes and lie within the cell nucleus
chromosomes are made up of
chromatin
chromatin
a material consisting of DNA and associated proteins.
genes
DNA is organized into informational units called:
Chromosome packaging is facilitated by certain proteins known as:
histones
histones associate with DNA to form structures called:
nucleosomes
These function like tiny spools to prevent DNA from becoming tangled
Nucleosomes
Scaffolding proteins
non-histone proteins that help maintain chromosome structure
a group of proteins required for chromosome compaction
condensin
The 1st and longest phase of cell cycle
interphase
g phase of interphase
growth and normal metabolism, no DNA synthesis occurs.
S phase of interphase
DNA replicates
G2 phase of interphase
increased protein synthesis occurs
M Phase
mitosis and cytokinesis
Mitosis
the nuclear division that produces 2 nuclei containing chromosomes identical to the parental nucleus
Cytokinesis
division of cell cytoplasm to form 2 cells
