Chapter 10 Flashcards
Which of the following consists of a stream of charged particles?
a. alpha rays
b. beta rays
c. gamma rays
d. more than one response is correct
d. more than one response is correct
What is the nuclear composition of ?
a. 12 neutrons and 28 protons
b. 12 neutrons and 16 protons
c. 12 protons and 28 neutrons
d. 12 protons and 16 neutrons
d. 12 protons and 16 neutrons
Which is the explanation for the difference between the two isotopes of carbon, C-12 and C-14?
a. C-14 contains 2 more protons than does C-12.
b. C-14 contains 1 proton and 1 neutron more than does C-12.
c. C-14 contains 2 more neutrons than does C-12.
d. C-14 contains 2 more electrons than does C-12.
c. C-14 contains 2 more neutrons than does C-12.
An individual would have to work from behind a special, thick protective wall when which kind of an emitter is involved?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. free radicals
c. gamma
Carbon-14 dating is a useful tool for determining the age of the artifacts of ancient civilizations. However, when future archeologists study ruins of our civilization, they obtain confusing results – with some artifacts dating MUCH older than others. Which of the following would be an explanation for these results?
a. Variations in the Sun’s intensity and production of cosmic rays.
b. Ecosystem changes resulting in a reduction in carbon based life.
c. The use of petroleum based synthetic materials.
d. None of the choices.
c. The use of petroleum based synthetic materials.
Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 years. If you had a sample of 8.00 grams of tritium today, how many grams of tritium would you have in 37.5 years?
a. 8.00 g
b. 4.00 g
c. 2.00 g
d. 1.00 g
d. 1.00 g
In nuclear reactions, the principle change occurs
a. in the molecular bonds
b. in the electron arrangement of the atoms
c. in the physical state of the matter
d. in the nucleus of the atom
d. in the nucleus of the atom
The term “nuclear energy” is most closely associated with which one of the following processes?
a. nuclear fusion
b. nuclear fission
c. cyclotron bombardment
d. radioactive decay
b. nuclear fission
Which of the emissions can be the cause of radiation sickness?
a. α particles
b. β particles
c. neutrons
d. all of these with sufficient exposure
d. all of these with sufficient exposure
What are some of the symptoms of radiation sickness?
a. hemorrhage
b. nausea
c. anemia
d. all of the responses are symptoms
d. all of the responses are symptoms
What is the emission that is used to obtain a CAT scan?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. X-ray
d. none of these responses
c. X-ray
Which technique of medical investigation presents no risk to the patient?
a. X-ray
b. CAT scan
c. MRI
d. none of these responses present any risk to the patient
c. MRI
Which measure of radiation is used to account for health differences of various types of radiation?
a. curie
b. rem
c. gray
d. rad
b. rem
Which emissions can be detected by a film badge?
a. X-rays
b. gamma
c. beta
d. all the responses can be detected by a film badge
d. all the responses can be detected by a film badge
What characteristic is important in using radioisotope dating for very old items, such as rocks suspected to be over 100,000,000 years old?
a. The radioisotope cannot be soluble in water.
b. The radioisotope must give off light for easy measurement.
c. The radioisotope in question must decay to another radioisotope.
d. The radioisotope should have a very long half-life.
d. The radioisotope should have a very long half-life.
Synthetic elements can be produced by
a. the application of extremely high voltages
b. by the bombardment of atoms with helium atoms
c. by the bombardment of an atom by high speed neutrons
d. all of the responses are correct
c. by the bombardment of an atom by high speed neutrons
Which element cannot be transmutated by being bombarded by protons?
a. Mo
b. H
c. Th
d. U
b. H
What is the nature of the activity that is our sun?
a. extremely fast chemical reactions
b. fission reactions
c. a mixture of chemical & nuclear reactions
d. fusion reactions
d. fusion reactions
A good radioisotope tracer for medical use should not have the following characteristic.
a. have a long half-life
b. produce penetrating gamma radiation
c. decay to a nontoxic form
d. undergo the same reactions as the nonradioactive element
a. have a long half-life
If you are a medical professional and have a chance to be exposed to many sources of radiation, which of the following units to measure biological radiation will most likely be used to express your level of total exposure?
a. Roentgen
b. Rad
c. Gray
d. Rem
d. Rem
A patient that works at a nuclear power plant comes to you complaining of nausea and fatigue. You find out that he might have been exposed to a radiation source; what would you recommend be done?
a. nothing, if he is still alive, there is no real problem.
b. send the patient home to rest because nausea and fatigue are not signs of a serious exposure.
c. have additional tests ran to find out the level of exposure.
d. tell the patient to take two aspirins and call you in the morning, he probably has the flu.
c. have additional tests ran to find out the level of exposure.
History’s first critical chain reaction took place in an atomic pile. The neutrons from fission reactions caused other fission reactions to occur. What would be the most effective method to stop the fission reaction from proceeding?
a. throw water on the pile to cool the reaction
b. add more neutrons to the reaction
c. place strong neutron absorbers into the pile
d. none of the choices
c. place strong neutron absorbers into the pile
