Chapter 10

Question 1

Blue fingernails

Answer 1

Named for the nail bed color. Is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells

Question 2

Beau’s lines

Answer 2

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate. Usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body

Question 3

Bruised nail beds

Answer 3

Condition in which the blood clot forms under the nail plate causing a dark purplish spot. Usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.

Question 4

Discolored nails

Answer 4

Nails turn a variety of colors, which may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.

Question 5

Eggshell nails

Answer 5

Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal. Caused by improper diet, hereditary factors, internal disease or medication.

Question 6

Hangnail

Answer 6

Condition in which the living skin around the nail plate splits and tears.

Question 7

Koilonychia

Answer 7

Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out.
Sign of iron deficiency, anemia, or a liver condition known as hemochromatosis.

Question 8

Leukonychia

Answer 8

Whitish discolorations, usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix. Doesn’t indicate disease. As the nail continues to grow, the white spots eventually grow off and disappear.

Question 9

Melonychia

Answer 9

Darkening of fingernails or toenails. May be seen as a black band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge.
Melanocytes (usually within the matrix) are responsible for this condition.

Question 10

Onychophagy

Answer 10

Aka bitten nails is a habit of chewing the nail or the hardened, damaged skin surrounding the nail plate

Question 11

Onycohrrexis

Answer 11

Split or brittle nail that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.
Caused by injury to the matrix, excessive use of cuticles removers, harsh cleaning agents, aggressive filing techniques, or heredity.

Question 12

Plicatured nail

Answer 12

Aka folded nail.
Highly curved nail plate usually caused by injury the the matrix, but may be inherited. This condition often leads to ingrown nail.

Question 13

Ridges

Answer 13

Vertical lines running down the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal again. Perfectly normal unless ridges Become very deep and weaken the nail plate.

Question 14

Splinter hermorrhage

Answer 14

Cause by physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow. As a result, the blood stains the epithelium tissue that forms rails to guide the nail plate along the nail bed during growth.
The blood oxidizes and turns brown or black, giving the appearance of a small splinter underneath the nail plate

Question 15

Onychauxis

Answer 15

Refers to the thickening of nails.

It’s treatment is to trim or bring the nails down to size.

Question 16

Onychogryposis

Answer 16

Aka Rams horn or claw nails is an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature. Usually found on the great toes.

Question 17

Nail pterygium

Answer 17

Occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail is stretched

Question 18

Pincer nail

Answer 18

Aka trumpet nail.
The free edge pinches the sidewalks into a deep curve. The nail can also curve in on itself, may be deformed only on one sidewall, or the edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.

Question 19

Onychosis

Answer 19

Any deformity or disease of the natural nail.

Question 20

Onychia

Answer 20

Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate.
Any break in the skin surrounding the nail plate can allow pathogens to infect the matrix.

Question 21

Onychomychosis

Answer 21

Fungal infection of the natural nail plate. When the infection begins at the cuticle it is called Proximal Subungual Onychomychosis.
A common form is whitish patches that can be scraped off the surface of the nail.
Another common form of this is infection shows long whitish or pale yellowish streaks within the nail plate. These types of infection often begin with a small separation between the end of the nail and the nail bed.

Question 22

Paronychia

Answer 22

Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail.

Question 23

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 23

Bacterial infection which is Green, yellow or black discoloration on a nail bed

Question 24

Pyogenic granuloma

Answer 24

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate.

Question 25

Tinea pedis

Answer 25

Aka athletes foot - fungal infections on the feet. These infections can occur on the bottoms of the feet and often appear as a red itchy rash in the spaces between the toes, most often between the fourth and fifth toe.

Question 26

Nail psoriasis

Answer 26

A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe

Question 27

Onychocryptosis

Answer 27

Aka ingrown nails.

Question 28

Onycholysis

Answer 28

The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lanula area. Usually a result of physical injury, trauma, or allergic reaction of the nail bed and less related to a health disorder.

Question 29

Onychomadesis

Answer 29

The separation falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed. Cause: localized infection, injury to the matrix, or a severe systemic illness or medical procedures such As chemotherapy.