Chapter 10 Flashcards
Soft Money
Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get out the vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate
Independent Expenditures
Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions to help a party or candidate but done independently of them
Blanket Primary
A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties
Runoff Primaries
A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary.
General Election
An election held to choose which candidate will hold office
Primary Election
An election held to choose candidates for office
Closed Primary
A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members
Open Primary
A primary election in which voters may choose In which party to vote as they enter the polling place
Position issue
An issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions.
Valence issue
An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs
Clothespin vote
The vote cast by a person who does not like either candidate and so votes for the less objectionable of the two, putting a clothespin over his or her nose to keep out the unpleasant stench.
Sophomore surge
An increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection
Malapportionment
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population
Gerrymandering
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts or unusual shapes to favor one party
Political action committee (PAC)
A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations
