Chapter 10 Flashcards
(20 cards)
527 organizations
Organizations that, under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raise and spend money to advance political causes.
(Example: Democratic Media Fund, George Soros)
blanket primary
A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties.
(Alaska and Washington have these primaries)
closed primary
A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members.
(40 states have this primary)
clothespin vote
The vote cast by a person who does not like either candidate and so votes for the less objectionable of the two, putting a clothespin over his or her nose to keep out the unpleasant stench.
coattails
The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president.
general election
An election held to choose which candidate will hold office.
gerrymandering
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party.
(Feature of American congressional politics)
incumbent
The person already holding an elective office.
Tend to run as individuals and get reelected
independent expenditures
Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them.
malapportionment
Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population.
(Feature of American congressional politics)
open primary
A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place.
(Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, Vermont, and Wisconsin have this primary)
political action committee
A committee, set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group, that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.
(Helped increase the amount of money spent on elections)
position issue
An issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions.
primary election
An election held to choose candidates for office.
prospective voting
Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues.
(Common for political activists)
retrospective voting
Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office.
(Elections are decided by retrospective voting)
runoff primary
A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary.
(Common in the South)
soft money
Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate.
sophomore surge
An increase in the votes congressional candidate usually get when they first run for re-election.
(Adopted to allow Congress to use their office to run personal)
valence issue
An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs.
