Chapter 10 Flashcards
Personal Inventories
Psychologists and other mental health professionals
use personality inventories to facilitate, diagnose and plan treatment. They often use repeat assessments to monitor progress or lack there of.
Differential Diagnosis
ruling out other disorders with overlapping symptoms to identify the correct disorder and ruling out competing diagnosis.
Personal Inventories
psychologists use it to help clients with self understanding and slef actualization.
Personal Inventories
Psychologists use measures to identify children with behavioral disorders. For school purposes and to provide school intervention programs from IDEA.
Personal Inventory
Job applicants, which will become successful employees. Helps enhance the workplace environment.
Personal Inventory
legal proceedings, competency to stand trial, or future dangerousness
Personal Inventory
Academic research settings use personality tests to measure a multitude of constructs in a wide range of psychological research.
Response Sets and dissimulation
pg 326
are test responses that misrepresent a person’s true characteristics.
-maximum performance tests
Personality is
a complex, multidimensional construct. personality tests measure multiple dimensions or aspects of personality.
Validity Scales
pg 327
take different forms, but the general principle is that they are designed to detect individuals who are not responding in an accurate manner.
Self -Report
3 Validity Scales
pf 327-328
-3 validity scales
F-index: items are infrequent, they often are “Fake Bad”
L-index: Social desirability, “ Fake good”
V-index: carelessness, reading difficulty, or refusal to cooperate
Personality Assessments
pg 327
are plagued with challenges above and beyond those present in other areas of psychological assessment.
Factors Affecting Reliability and Validity
pg 329
Trait: stable internal characteristic manifested as a tendency for person to behave in a particular manor.
State: fluctuate over time. Test re-test are lower due to transient emotional states.
Objective Self Reports
two most popular item types
true and false items and self rating scales
sometimes the forced choice.
Forced Choice item format
pg 331
presents two phrases that are equal acceptability in terms of social desirability.
Content-rational Approach
pg 331
The earliest approach to developing objective personality scales was to develop items based on their apparent relevance to the construct being measured.
EX: to measure depression, include items measuring feelings of sadness, hopelessness, isolation, and inferiority.
Empirical Criterion Keying
pg 332
Is a process in which a large pool of items administered to two groups, one typically a clinical group with a specific diagnosis and the other a control or normal group representative of general population.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a prime example of a test developed using the empirical criterion keying approach.
MMPI
MMPI-2, 3 new validity scales pg 335
MMPI-A age 14-18 years old
pg 332 and 333
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a prime example of a test developed using the empirical criterion keying approach. Developed in 1940’s to diagnose psychiatric disorders. Has original 10 scales close to 60 additional scales in the MMPI-2.
MMPI-2 Problems
pg 336
- MMPI developed in the 1930’s: Taxonomy and psychopathology are outdated.
- Original does not represent national population since originally based in solely Minnesota.
- High degree of overlap in items across clinical scales resulting in high-scale intercorrelations.
MMPI-2-Restructured Format
pg 336
MMPI-2-RF
Has 50 scales composed of 338 to 567 items based on MMPI-2 normative data. They wanted to create model that was a modern assesment.
Factor Analysis
pg 338
plays a prominent role in the development of personality and other tests.
Reynolds and Kamphaus (2003) describe it as statistical approach that allows one to evaluate the presence and structure of latent constructs existing among one set of variables.
Five-Factor Model
has received widespread acceptance.
pg 339
Neuroticscim: negative effects, depression, anxiety, and anger
Extraversion: gregarious, active, and enjoy group activities.
Opennes to Experience: curious and value adventure.
Agreeablness: courteous, tolerant, compassionate
Conscientiousness: self- disciplined, responsible, and dependable.
Theoretical Approach
Pg 341
A number of scales have been developed based on a specific theory of personality.
Introversion/Extroversion
Sensing/Intuition
Thinking/Feeling
Judging/Perceiving
Myers- Briggs Type Indicator
pg 341
C.G. Jung 1985 Introversion Extroversion Sensing Intuition Thinking and Feeling Judging and Perceiving.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III
pg 341
examples of theoretically based contemporary objective personality tests.
MCMI-III
pg 342
3 steps
Theoretical Substantive: align with DSM-IV criteria.
Internal-Structure: internal consistency of the scale is examined bad items removed.
External-Criterion: In this final stage the items were examined to determine if they facilitted discrimination between diagnostic groups.
Personality
pg 344
In the context of child and adolescent assessment, the term personality is used cautiously.
Behavior Assesment System for Children- Self Report of Personality (SRP)
pg 344
Three forms ages: 8 to 11, 12 to 18, and an interview version for age 6-7.
contains brief descriptive statements that are answered true or false or never, sometimes, often, or almost always,
SRP 5 composite scores
pg 345
high scores reflect an abnormality or pathology
Inattention/hyperactivity
Internalizing the Problem
School Problems:
Personal Adjustment
Single Domain Self-Report Measures
pg 347
measures narrow aspects of personality or to focus on a single clinical syndrome.
Example Childrens Depression Inventory a 27 item self report age 7-17
Projective Techniques “ Projective Personality Tests”
pg 348
involve the presentation of unstructured or ambiguous materials that allows an almost infinite range of responses from the examinee.
Projective Drawings
pg 348
Projective Approach
Draw- a -person Test (DAP)
House-tree-person (H-T-P)
Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD)
Sentence Complete Tests
pg 349-350
Projective Approach
leaving answer blank for individual to fill in the Statment.
Apperception Tests
pg 350
Projective Approach
Examines a picture and individual is asked to make up a story.
Inkblot
pg 351
Projective Approach
the individual is asked to examine and interpret the ink blot.
Projective Approach “ techniques
pg 351
should be used cautiously due to little empirical evidence.
Robert Woodworth (1918)
Developed the first formal instrument for assessing personality.
(Woodworth Personal Data Sheet)
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