Chapter 10

Question 1

Personal Inventories

Psychologists and other mental health professionals

Answer 1

use personality inventories to facilitate, diagnose and plan treatment. They often use repeat assessments to monitor progress or lack there of.

Question 2

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 2

ruling out other disorders with overlapping symptoms to identify the correct disorder and ruling out competing diagnosis.

Question 3

Personal Inventories

Answer 3

psychologists use it to help clients with self understanding and slef actualization.

Question 4

Personal Inventories

Answer 4

Psychologists use measures to identify children with behavioral disorders. For school purposes and to provide school intervention programs from IDEA.

Question 5

Personal Inventory

Answer 5

Job applicants, which will become successful employees. Helps enhance the workplace environment.

Question 6

Personal Inventory

Answer 6

legal proceedings, competency to stand trial, or future dangerousness

Question 7

Personal Inventory

Answer 7

Academic research settings use personality tests to measure a multitude of constructs in a wide range of psychological research.

Question 8

Response Sets and dissimulation

pg 326

Answer 8

are test responses that misrepresent a person’s true characteristics.
-maximum performance tests

Question 9

Personality is

Answer 9

a complex, multidimensional construct. personality tests measure multiple dimensions or aspects of personality.

Question 10

Validity Scales

pg 327

Answer 10

take different forms, but the general principle is that they are designed to detect individuals who are not responding in an accurate manner.

Question 11

Self -Report
3 Validity Scales
pf 327-328

Answer 11

-3 validity scales
F-index: items are infrequent, they often are “Fake Bad”
L-index: Social desirability, “ Fake good”
V-index: carelessness, reading difficulty, or refusal to cooperate

Question 12

Personality Assessments

pg 327

Answer 12

are plagued with challenges above and beyond those present in other areas of psychological assessment.

Question 13

Factors Affecting Reliability and Validity

pg 329

Answer 13

Trait: stable internal characteristic manifested as a tendency for person to behave in a particular manor.

State: fluctuate over time. Test re-test are lower due to transient emotional states.

Question 14

Objective Self Reports

two most popular item types

Answer 14

true and false items and self rating scales

sometimes the forced choice.

Question 15

Forced Choice item format

pg 331

Answer 15

presents two phrases that are equal acceptability in terms of social desirability.

Question 16

Content-rational Approach

pg 331

Answer 16

The earliest approach to developing objective personality scales was to develop items based on their apparent relevance to the construct being measured.
EX: to measure depression, include items measuring feelings of sadness, hopelessness, isolation, and inferiority.

Question 17

Empirical Criterion Keying

pg 332

Answer 17

Is a process in which a large pool of items administered to two groups, one typically a clinical group with a specific diagnosis and the other a control or normal group representative of general population.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a prime example of a test developed using the empirical criterion keying approach.

Question 18

MMPI
MMPI-2, 3 new validity scales pg 335
MMPI-A age 14-18 years old
pg 332 and 333

Answer 18

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a prime example of a test developed using the empirical criterion keying approach. Developed in 1940’s to diagnose psychiatric disorders. Has original 10 scales close to 60 additional scales in the MMPI-2.

Question 19

MMPI-2 Problems

pg 336

Answer 19

• MMPI developed in the 1930’s: Taxonomy and psychopathology are outdated.
• Original does not represent national population since originally based in solely Minnesota.
• High degree of overlap in items across clinical scales resulting in high-scale intercorrelations.

Question 20

MMPI-2-Restructured Format
pg 336

MMPI-2-RF

Answer 20

Has 50 scales composed of 338 to 567 items based on MMPI-2 normative data. They wanted to create model that was a modern assesment.

Question 21

Factor Analysis

pg 338

Answer 21

plays a prominent role in the development of personality and other tests.
Reynolds and Kamphaus (2003) describe it as statistical approach that allows one to evaluate the presence and structure of latent constructs existing among one set of variables.

Question 22

Five-Factor Model
has received widespread acceptance.
pg 339

Answer 22

Neuroticscim: negative effects, depression, anxiety, and anger
Extraversion: gregarious, active, and enjoy group activities.
Opennes to Experience: curious and value adventure.
Agreeablness: courteous, tolerant, compassionate
Conscientiousness: self- disciplined, responsible, and dependable.

Question 23

Theoretical Approach
Pg 341

A number of scales have been developed based on a specific theory of personality.

Answer 23

Introversion/Extroversion
Sensing/Intuition
Thinking/Feeling
Judging/Perceiving

Question 24

Myers- Briggs Type Indicator

pg 341

Answer 24

C.G. Jung 1985
Introversion Extroversion
Sensing Intuition
Thinking and Feeling
Judging and Perceiving.

Question 25

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III
pg 341

Answer 25

examples of theoretically based contemporary objective personality tests.

Question 26

MCMI-III
pg 342
3 steps

Answer 26

Theoretical Substantive: align with DSM-IV criteria.

Internal-Structure: internal consistency of the scale is examined bad items removed.

External-Criterion: In this final stage the items were examined to determine if they facilitted discrimination between diagnostic groups.

Question 27

Personality

pg 344

Answer 27

In the context of child and adolescent assessment, the term personality is used cautiously.

Question 28

Behavior Assesment System for Children- Self Report of Personality (SRP)

pg 344

Answer 28

Three forms ages: 8 to 11, 12 to 18, and an interview version for age 6-7.

contains brief descriptive statements that are answered true or false or never, sometimes, often, or almost always,

Question 29

SRP 5 composite scores
pg 345
high scores reflect an abnormality or pathology

Answer 29

Inattention/hyperactivity
Internalizing the Problem
School Problems:
Personal Adjustment

Question 30

Single Domain Self-Report Measures

pg 347

Answer 30

measures narrow aspects of personality or to focus on a single clinical syndrome.
Example Childrens Depression Inventory a 27 item self report age 7-17

Question 31

Projective Techniques “ Projective Personality Tests”

pg 348

Answer 31

involve the presentation of unstructured or ambiguous materials that allows an almost infinite range of responses from the examinee.

Question 32

Projective Drawings
pg 348
Projective Approach

Answer 32

Draw- a -person Test (DAP)
House-tree-person (H-T-P)
Kinetic Family Drawing (KFD)

Question 33

Sentence Complete Tests
pg 349-350
Projective Approach

Answer 33

leaving answer blank for individual to fill in the Statment.

Question 34

Apperception Tests
pg 350
Projective Approach

Answer 34

Examines a picture and individual is asked to make up a story.

Question 35

Inkblot
pg 351
Projective Approach

Answer 35

the individual is asked to examine and interpret the ink blot.

Question 36

Projective Approach “ techniques

pg 351

Answer 36

should be used cautiously due to little empirical evidence.

Question 37

Robert Woodworth (1918)

Answer 37

Developed the first formal instrument for assessing personality.
(Woodworth Personal Data Sheet)
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