Chapter 10 Flashcards
Arrector pili muscle
Small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts
Apocrine glands
Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat
Barrier function
Protective barrier of the epidermis the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration
Ceremides
Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skins intercellular matrix and barrier function
Collagen
Fibrous connective tissue made from protein found in the reticular layer of the dermis, gives skin it’s firmness. Topically a large long chain molecular protein that lies on top of the skin and binds water.
Corneocytes
Another name for stratum corneum cell. Hardened waterproof protective keratinocytes, these dead protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei
Dermal papillae
Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to the skin and follicles
Dermis
Also known as derma Corium cutis or true skin support layer of connective tissue collagen and elastin below the epidermis
Desmosomes
The structures that assist in holding cells together intercellular connections made of proteins
Eccrine glands
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skins surface through pores not attached to the hair follicles
Elastin
Protein fiber found in the dermis gives skin it’s elasticity and firmness
Epidermal growth factor
Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal
Epidermis
Outermost layer of the skin
Eumelanin
A type or melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark colored skin mostly produce eumelanin.
Fibroblasts
Cells that stimulate cells, collagen and amino acids that form proteins.
Follicles
Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like openings in the epidermis
Glycation
Caused by elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged nonfunctioning structures known as advanced glycation
Hair papillae
Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment
Hyluronic acid
Hydrating fluids found in the skin hydrophilic agent with water binding properties
Hydrolipidic
Hydrolipidic film is an oil water balance that protects the skins surface
Intercellular matrix
Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation
Keratin
Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principle component of skin hair and nails provides resiliency and protection
Keratinocytes
Epidermal cells composed of keratin lipids and other proteins
Langerhans immune cells
Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders such as bacteria and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system
Leukocytes
White blood cells that have no enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies
Lymph vessels
Located in the dermis these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste
Melanin
Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum later of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis.
Melanocytes
Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
Melanosomes
Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin a complex protein
Papillary layer
Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis
Pheomelanin
A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color. People with light colored skin mostly produce pheomelwnin. There are two types of melanin. The other is eumelanin
Pores
Tube like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis
Reticular layer
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients
Rosacea
Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing
Sebaceous glands
Protect the surface of the skin
Sebum
Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair
Stratum corneum
Outermost layer of the epidermis
Stratum germinativum
Active layer of the epidermis above the papillary later of the dermis.
Stratum granulosm
Layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules
Stratum lucidum
Clear transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet
Stratum spinosum
Layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes then intercellular connections made of proteins
Subcutaneous layer
Subcutaneous adipose tissue located beneath the dermis a protective cushion and energy storage for the body
Subcutis tissue
Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body contains fat for use as energy and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin
Sudoriferous glands
Also known as sweat glands excrete perspiration regulate body temperature and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals
T cells
Identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune response.
Telangiectasia
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels commonly couperose skin
Transepidermal water loss
Water loss causes by evaporation on the skins surface
Tyrosinae
The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and this produces melanin
UVA radiation
Known as aging rays. Longer wavelengths ranging between 320 to 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB cause genetic damage and cell death
UVB radiation
Also known as burning ray’s UVB wavelengths range between 290 and 320 nanometers.
