Chapter 10 Flashcards
Rescue is always the first priority, when inner stairwell is available it is the preferred route for evacuation for victims located above ground level. Using Ariel for evacuating should always be ________.
last resort
Some of the most common uses for the aerial apparatus include – Rescue – Exposure protection – Ventilation – Elevated fire attack These uses our term \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
operational strategies
Remove victims in the following order of priority 1. 2. 3. 4.
- most severely threatened by current fire conditions
- largest number or group of people
- Remainder of people in the fire area
- People in exposed area
Determining which victims are in the most danger is a judgment call that must be made by the IC, truck company officer, or the aerial apparatus driver/operator.
T
Typically those occupants located on or _____ the fire floor will be in the greatest danger
immediately above
If both an aerial and an elevated platform are present in a rescue situation, the aerial ladder should be raised to the ______________
The largest number of victims
Occupant who are on the fire floor are in the ____________
greatest amount of danger
In all situations, the best position is in which the extended and rotated aerial device is __________ to the object
perpendicular
If an aerial ladder is designed to be used in the unsupported position, place the tip___________ the target
4 to 6 inches above
When maneuvering an aerial device to reach a victim trapped in an elevated position, initially ____________
aim the aerial device above the victim and then lower it to meet the victim
When using an aerial ladder place the tip with the_______ even with the sill
first rung
When removing trapped victims from a roof place the tip of the aerial apparatus so that at least_____ extends above the edge of the roof
6 feet
Infants and small children may be _______ while the other arm is used to assist with balancing while descending the latter
cradled in one arm
Larger victims will require the firefighter to use the over the shoulder method when using this method at least _____ preferably ____ firefighters will be needed
2 preferably 3
The removal of conscious victims requires at least ___ and preferably ____ firefighters
one
two
Do not allow victims to jump into the platform this creates a potentially dangerous ____ load on the aerial device
dynamic load
With the rapid increase in rope rescue technology in the past decade, the need to use aerial ladders as part of the lowering system has ______ significantly
decreased
Warning if the aerial device manufacturer does not recommend deploying it’s aerial device below grade, do not attempt this type of maneuver aerial device ______ or apparatus _______ occur.
failure
Tip over could
________Priority for aerial apparatus is exposure protection
2nd priority
__________ is defined as a structure or separate part of the fire ground to which the fire could spread
Exposure
Fire spreads to exposures by either ________ or________heat
radiant or convected
Radiated heat is he movement in all directions in the form of ______.
energy waves
________Is the travel through a heat circulating medium, the most common being _______
Convection
Air
Conditions that may affect exposure hazards include
– Weather
– Building construction
– Spacing between the fire building in the exposure
Both the________And______ weather conditions affect a fire’s ability to spread to exposures.
present and recent
_______ heat is the biggest factor in exposure protection
Radiated
In severe fire situations the fire itself will create a very strong wind
True or false
True
Keep in mind that the ________must be considered an exposure hazard
apparatus itself
Exposure protection is best accomplished by placing water _____ the exposed structure
directly on
In exposure protection operations _______nozzle patterns are generally used to cover the involved area
wide sweeping
The third priority for aerial operations is to assist in ________.
ventilating buildings
It is important to note that ventilation operations should _____ leave rescue operations deficient of apparatus or manpower
not
When putting firefighters on the roof with an aerial ladder extend the fly sections so that a minimum of____ protrudes over the edge this makes the location of the latter plainly visible to firefighters on the roof even if in smokey conditions
6 feet
When using elevating platform, for rooftops. The bottom of the platform should be positioned __________the edge
even with or extended slightly over
If wind is blowing across the face of the building, take out windows on the _______ portion first. Using proper ventilation practices
downwind
Warning all firefighters operating on an aerial device should be ____________________
attached to the aerial device by an appropriate safety harness at all times
The final priority for aerial device operations is the use of______ for the fire attack
elevated master streams
Priorities for aerial apparatus First priority rescue Second priority exposure protection Third priority ventilation Fourth priority elevated fire attack
T
Aerial ladders with detachable waterways present more of an operational challenge then do those with piped waterways
true or false
True
75 – 80– 80 rule
75° – elevation
80% extended length
80 psi nozzle pressure for 1 1/2 inch tip
The ladder pipes horizontal sweep should be limited to no more than ____° in either direction from center
15°
Do not use ________ and nozzles strapped to the latter as a ladder pipe.
2 1/2 inch and larger lines
Drawback to fog nozzles is that they do not provide the _________often needed to reach the seed of the fire.
reach and penetration
The best applications for fog streams are close up _______ and _________.
blitz attacks and exposure protection
_________ nozzles provide excellent penetration into the fire area
Solid stream
In many cases, the water from a fog stream will _________ reaching the seat of the fire.
evaporite before
_________________are more likely to hit the seat of The fire
Solid streams
The best application for _______ are reaching fires deeply seated within a building or defensively attacking large well-developed fires from a long distance.
solid streams
_________ used while firefighters or victims are inside the building increase the possibility of injuries
Elevated master streams
In offensive firefighting ops, the strategy is to attack the fire on the inside and immediately stop the progress of the fire in the area of origin. Making this type of attack from the exterior with a large caliber fire stream is often referred to as___________
Blitz attack
The best way to affect a blitz attack with an elevated master stream is to try to _____________of the fire room
deflect water off the ceiling
Caution the water ads wait to the structure at the rate of ________and could contribute to the collapse of an already fire we can structure. When possible find avenues of escape from the building for water that is being introduced during the firefighting ops
1 ton per minute
Water should enter the window at an angle of about _____ degrees
30°
When elevated master streams are used in blitz attacks they should only be flowed _________________
long enough to blacken out the fire
Defensive ops
A more common use of elevated streams is in defensive ops a defensive attack is an exterior attack with emphasis on ________
exposure protection
Indicators of a defensive attack are
– Fire building conditions that prohibit safely advancing hand lines into the building
– The I C giving up part of or all of the building to the fire
– Large amount of water needed to extinguish the fire
Care should be taken _________ the fire into uninvolved areas. The power of elevated streams is such that it is possible to change the direction of fire spread and even reverse the rise of products of combustion into the thermal column
not to push
Using the aerial as an ___________to upper floors is a tactic that can eliminate difficult hose lays up interior stairwell
exterior standpipe
Using the aerial as an _______ is also an effective tactic for fires in parking garages, building roofs, bridges overpasses and and new buildings under construction where the standpipe system may and several floors below the fire
exterior standpipe
Never direct an elevated master stream into the ventilation opening if an ________ is still in progress
interior attack
Solid stream nozzles will not allow the foam to proportion properly nor will they help areaiation occur after the foam has been discharged
T or F
T
You must use either ______ or film ________ concentrate when applying non-irrigated foam streams through master streams
AFFF
forming floral protein FFFP
A ________ will be required to discharge foam from an aerial device
fog nozzle
______ is used only on a pool of liquid fire either ignited or unignited on the open ground
Roll on method
________method may be employed when an elevated object is near or with in the area of a burning pool of liquid ignited or unignited liquid spill
Bank down
________ method the foam stream is deflected off the object, allowing the foam to run down onto the surface of the fuel
Bank down
_________ method this method is used primarily in Dyke fires involving spills around damaged or overturned transport vehicles
Bank down
________[ method is used when the other two methods are not feasible because of either the size of the spill area or the lack of an object from which to bank the foam
Rain down
________ method directs the stream into the air above the fire or spill and allows the foam to float gently down onto the surface of the fuel
Rain down
_______– directing the stream at one location to allow the foam to take affect there and then work it’s way out from that point
Establishing a foam footprint
