Chapter 10

Question 0

Is a mental grouping of similar objects, events, and people

Answer 0

Concept

Question 1

Refers to the mental activity associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Is the best example of a particular category

Answer 2

Prototype

Question 3

Is a methodical, logical procedure that, while sometimes slow, guarantees success

Answer 3

Algorithm

Question 4

Is a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

Answer 4

Heuristic

Question 5

Is a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

Answer 5

Insight

Question 6

Is an obstacle to problem solving in which people tend to search for information that validates their preconceptions

Answer 6

Confirmation bias

Question 7

Is an inability to approach a problem in a new way

Answer 7

Fixation

Question 8

Refers to the tendency to continue applying a particular problem solving strategy even when it is no longer helpful

Answer 8

Mental set

Question 9

Is a type of fixation in which a person can think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Answer 9

Functional fixedness

Question 10

Is the tendency to judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they conform to ones prototypes

Answer 10

Representativeness heuristic

Question 11

Is based on estimating the probability of certain events in terms of readily they come to mind

Answer 11

Availability Heuristic

Question 12

Refers to the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgements

Answer 12

Overconfidence

Question 13

Refers to the way an issue or question is posed

Answer 13

Framing

Question 14

Is the tendency for a persons preexisting beliefs to distort his or her logical reasoning

Answer 14

Belief bias

Question 15

Refers to spoken, written, or gestured words and how we combine them to communicate meaning

Answer 15

Language

Question 16

Are the smallest units of sound in a language that are distinctive for speakers of language

Answer 16

Phonemes

Question 17

Are the smallest units of sound in a language that convey meaning

Answer 17

Morphemes

Question 18

Is a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Answer 18

Grammar

Question 19

Is the aspect of grammar that specifies the rules used to derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language

Answer 19

Semantics

Question 20

Is the aspect of grammar specifying the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Answer 20

Syntax

Question 21

Begins around4 months, is characterized by the spontaneous utterance of speech sounds

Answer 21

Babbling stage

Question 22

Between one or two years of age. Children speak mostly single words

Answer 22

One-word stage

Question 23

About the age of 2 and they speak mostly two word sentences

Answer 23

Two- word stage

Question 24

Is the economical, telegram like speech of children in the two word stage

Answer 24

Telegraphic speech

Question 25

Is Benjamin Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think

Answer 25

Linguistic determinism