Chapter 10

Question 0

The adjustment that the brain and the body make to the regular use of certain dugs so that ever larger doses are needed to achieve the earlier effects

Answer 0

tolerance

Question 1

Pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance, sometimes also including tolerance for substance and withdrawal reactions.

Answer 1

Substance abuse disorder

Question 2

Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who regularly use a drug stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug

Answer 2

withdrawal

Question 3

Any beverage containing ethyl alcohol, including beer, wine, and liquor

Answer 3

Alcohol

Question 4

The misuse of substances has become society’s ________ problem; it has been estimated that the cost of substance misuse is mote than ______ ______ each year in the United States.

Answer 4

biggest; $600 billion

Question 5

In 1962 only ____ _____ people in the United States had ever used________,________, ________, or another illegal substance; today the number has climbed to more than _____ ________.

Answer 5

4 million; marijuana, cocaine, heroin; 94 million

Question 6

In fact ____ _____ people have used illegal substances within the past______. Almost _____ percent of all high school seniors have used an illegal drug within the past ____-.

Answer 6

22 million; month; 24; month

Question 7

Any substance other than food that affects our bodies and minds.

Answer 7

drug

Question 8

What term is now used in place of drug and why is it used?

Answer 8

Substance is the term used because many people fail to see that such substances as alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine are drugs too.

Question 9

Substances may cause temporary change in behavior, emotion, or thought. True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

When a person ingests a _______ such as alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or some form of medication—trillions of powerful _________ surge through the _________ and into the _______.

Answer 10

substance; molecules; bloodstream; brain

Question 11

An excessive amount of alcohol can lead to _______

Answer 11

intoxication (literally, poisoning)

Question 12

A temporary star of poor judgement, mood changes, irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination.

Answer 12

intoxication

Question 13

Some substances can also lead to long-term problems. People who regularly ingest them may develop

Answer 13

substance use disorder

Question 14

People who crave a particular substance and rely on it excessively, resulting in damage to their family and social relationships, poor functioning at work, and or danger to themselves or others

Answer 14

Substance use disorder

Question 15

Drugs such as LSD may produce a particular form of intoxication called________, which consists of perceptual distortions and hallucinations.

Answer 15

Hallucinosis

Question 16

The need of increasing doses of the substance to produce the desired effect.

Answer 16

Tolerance

Question 17

Reactions consist of unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptoms–cramps, anxiety attacks, sweating, nausea—that occur when the individuals suddenly stop taking or cut back the substance.

Answer 17

Withdrawal

Question 18

People who attend AAA meetings suffer from a disorder called?

Answer 18

Alcohol use disorder

Question 19

In any given year, _____ percent of all teens and adults in the United States, over _______ million people, display substance use disorder.

Answer 19

8.9; 22

Question 20

The highest rate of substance abuse disorder is found among what nationality?

Answer 20

American Indians at 15.5 percent

Question 21

The lowest rate of substance abuse disorder is found among what nationality?

Answer 21

Asian American 3.5 percent

Question 22

White Americans, Hispanic Americans, and African Americans display what rates of substance abuse disorder?

Answer 22

9 and 10 percent

Question 23

What percentage of all people with substance abuse disorders receive treatment from a mental health professional?

Answer 23

Only 11 percent of all people

Question 24

The substances people misuse fall in several categories, name them.

Answer 24

Depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and cannabis

Question 25

The World health organization estimates that how many people worldwide consume alcohol.

Answer 25

2 billion

Question 26

In the U.S. how many residents at least from time to time drink beverages that contain alcohol?

Answer 26

More than half

Question 27

When people consume five or more drinks on a single occasion it is called

Answer 27

binge-drinking episode

Question 28

What percentage of all people in the U.S. over the age of 11, most of them male, binge-drink each month.

Answer 28

Nearly 7 percent of persons

Question 29

Among heavy drinkers, males out number females by

Answer 29

more than 2 to 1, around 8 percent to 4 percent

Question 30

A chemical that is quickly absorbed into the blood through the lining of the stomach and the intestine. It begins to take effect as it is carried the bloodstream to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), where it acts to depress, or slow, functioning by binding to various neurons. All alcohol beverages contain this.

Answer 30

ethyl alcohol

Question 31

Name one important group of neurons to which ethyl alcohol binds

Answer 31

Those that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA

Question 32

Carries an inhibitory message when it is received at certain neurons

Answer 32

GABA

Question 33

A message to stop firing

Answer 33

inhibitory message