Chapter 10

Question 1

commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually though ownership by large corporations.

Answer 1

Agribuisness

Question 2

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain

Answer 2

Agriculture

Question 3

A grass yielding grain for food

Answer 3

Cereal grain

Question 4

husks of grass separated from the seed by threshing

Answer 4

chaff

Question 5

a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.

Answer 5

combine

Question 6

agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

Answer 6

commercial agriculture

Question 7

grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

Answer 7

crop

Question 8

the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil

Answer 8

crop rotation

Question 9

degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily b/c of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

Answer 9

desertification

Question 10

harvesting twice a year from the same crop

Answer 10

double cropping

Question 11

seed of a cereal grass

Answer 11

grain

Question 12

rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers

Answer 12

green revolution

Question 13

the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

Answer 13

horticulture

Question 14

the outer covering of a seed

Answer 14

hull

Question 15

a form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

Answer 15

intensive subsistence agriculture

Question 16

the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

Answer 16

milkshed

Question 17

malay word for wet rice, commonly used but incorrectly used to describe a sawah

Answer 17

paddy

Question 18

a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Answer 18

pastoral nomadism

Question 19

grass or other plans grown for feeding grazing animals,as well as land used for grazing

Answer 19

pasture

Question 20

a large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country

Answer 20

plantation

Question 21

the most productive farmland

Answer 21

prime agricultural land

Question 22

a form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

Answer 22

ranching

Question 23

a machine that cuts cereal grain standing in the field

Answer 23

reaper

Question 24

system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote grater soil conservation

Answer 24

ridge tillage

Question 25

a flooded field for growing rice

Answer 25

sawah

Question 26

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Answer 26

shifting cultivation

Question 27

another name for shifting cultivation, so named b/c fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

Answer 27

slash-and-burn agriculture

Question 28

wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

Answer 28

spring wheat

Question 29

agriculture designed to provide food for the consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family

Answer 29

subsistence agriculture

Question 30

farming methods that preserve long term productivity of land and minimize pollution,typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

Answer 30

sustainable agriculture

Question 31

a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

Answer 31

swidden

Question 32

to beat out gran from stalks by trampling it

Answer 32

thresh

Question 33

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Answer 33

transhumance

Question 34

commercial gardening and fruit farming

Answer 34

truck farming

Question 35

rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Answer 35

wet rice

Question 36

to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away bye the ind

Answer 36

winnow

Question 37

wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer

Answer 37

winter wheat