Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is evolution? 10.1
Evolution is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.
Carolus Linnaeus 10.1
- Swedish botanist from the 1700s
- Developed a classification system for all types of organisms
- Organisms were grouped by similarities but also reflected evolutionary relationships ….
However - thought hybridization created new species
Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon 10.1
- French naturalist from the 1700s
- Proposed that species shared ancestors instead of arising separately
- Suggested that the Earth was much older than 6000 years…similar to Charles Lyllel
What are species? 10.1
A species is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring.
Eramus Darwin 10.1
- Born in 1731; respected English doctor, poet, and Charles Darwin’s grandfather
- Proposed that all living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more complex forms of life arose from less-complex forms…….theory later expanded by Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 10.1
- French Naturalist
- Proposed all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity
- Believed all species evolved
- Proposed that changed in an environment caused an organism’s behavior to change - Use of Organs Theory
ex. long neck in giraffes - Didn’t propose how traits were passed on to offspring and his theory was flawed
Who were the four people that influenced Darwin? 10.1
Carolus Linnaeus
Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon
Erasmus Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
What are fossils? 10.1
Fossils are traces of organisms that existed in the past.
What did George Cuvier, a French zoologist propose? 10.1
- Observed that each stratum held its own specific type of fossils and the fossils in the deep layers were different from the upper layers
- Based this on the Law of Superposition
What is the theory of catastrophism? 10.1
Volcanoes, floods, and earthquakes are examples of catostrophic events taht were once believed responsible for mass extinction and the formation of all landforms.
- Proposed by French zoologist Charles Cuvier
What is the theory of gradualism? 10.1
Canyons carved by rivers show gradual change. Gradualism is the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time.
- Proposed by Scottish geologist James Hutton
What is the theory of uniformitarianism? 10.1
Rock strata demonstrate that geologic processes, which are still occurring today, add up over long periods of time to cause great change.
- Proposed by Charles Lyell
What is variation? 10.2
Variation is the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs.
Where can variation occur? 10.2
- Among different species members - interspecific variation
- Among members of the same species - intraspecific variation
What is adaptation? 10.2
Adaptation is a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment, and they can lead to genetic change in a population over time.
ex. Galapagos turtles
