Chapter 10 Flashcards
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Palmitic acid?
16:0, 63.1*C, 0 double bonds (16:0)
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Stearic acid?
18:0, 69.6*C, 0 double bonds (18:0)
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Arachidic acid?
20:0, 76.5*C, 0 double bonds (20:0)
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Lignoceric acid?
24:0, 86*C, 0 double bonds (24:0)
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Palmitoleic Acid?
16:1 (delta 9), 1 to -0.5*C, 1 double bond at C9
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Oleic acid?
18:1 (delta 9), 13.4*C, 1 double bond at C9
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Linoleic acid?
18:2, (delta 9, 12), 1-5*C, 2 double bonds (one at C9, the other at C12)
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for alpha-Linoleic acid?
18:3 (delta 9, 12, 15), -11*C, 3 double bonds (one at C9, C12, and C15)
What are the carbon skeleton, melting point and number of double bonds for Arachidonic acid?
20:4 (delta 5, 8, 11, 14), -49.5*C, 4 double bonds
What is the makeup of triacylglycerol?
Glycerol backbone with C1, C2, and C3 are hydroxyl groups esterified with three fatty acid side chains.
Explain the makeup of glycerophospholipids
Glycerol backbone. C1 and C2 are hydroxyl groups esterified with fatty acid side chains. C1 is usually saturated (C16 or C18). C2 is unsaturated (C18 or Arachidonic acid). Phosphorylated alcohol on C3.
Explain the makeup of sphingolipids.
The first three carbons at the polar end of sphingosine are analogous to the three carbons of glycerol in glycerophospholipids. The amino group at C-2 bears a fatty acid in amide linkage. The fatty acid is usually saturated or monounsaturated, with 16, 18, 22, or 24 carbon atoms. Ceramide is the parent compound for this group. Other sphingolipids differ in the polar head group (x) attached at C-1. Gangliosides have very complex oligosaccharide head groups.
What can phospholipases do?
They can process phospholipids.
What are the four main phospholipases talked about in class?
Phospholipase A1, Phospholipase A2, Phospholipase C and Phospholipase D
What is important about Phospholipase A2?
It works at the C2 (which is often Arachidonic acid). It is the rate-limiting step for production of eicosanoids.
What does eicos mean?
Eicos=20
How are eicosanoids/prostanoids in terms of structure?
They are all derived from Arachidonic acid.
What increases production of eicosanoids/prostanoids?
Increased by increased phospholipase A2 activity.
What is the function of eicosanoids/prostanoids?
Collectively they mediate inflammatory responses (e.g. pain, fever), local blood pressure, blood clotting, possibly the onset of labor, possibly sleep/wake cycles.
How are eicosanoids/prostanoids synthesized?
Various enzymes convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins or thromboxane or leukotrienes; the first two by COX (cyclooxygenase). Leukotrienes are not produced by COX
What is the most abundant phospholipid in the cell membrane?
Phosphocholine
