Chapter 10 Flashcards
a)… major phyla (superphyla) are known to impact human health and the ecosystem.
seven
Firmicutes and Actinobacteria
Gram positive
firmicutes produce
endospores
actinobacteria produce
antibiotics
Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes
Gram negative
is a very diverse phylum that includes species capable of a
wide range of metabolism.
Proteobacteria
are all Gram-negative rods; most are obligate anaerobes.
Bacteroidetes
share a distinctive form: tightly coiled cells enclosed by a
sheath, with periplasmic flagellum that run underneath the sheath along the cell body.
Spirochaetes
Spirochaetes are gram?
negative
are obligate intracellular pathogens that grow as inclusion bodies within host cells.
Chlamydiae
peptidoglycan with an additional thick waxy coat.
Actinobacteria
high “G+C” content
Actinobacteria
Low “G+C” content
Firmicutes
Has teichoic acids for structure
Firmicutes
Bacillus anthracis
Rod-shaped soil bacterium, causes anthrax
(Firmicutes)
Endospore former
Clostridioides difficile
- rod with bulginng spores, causes intestinal disease in patients whose normal biota are diminished by antibiotics
- (firmicutes)
Endospore former
Clostridium botulinum
- rod with bulging spores, causes botulism; produces botox.
- (firmicutes)
- (decreased muscles contraction)
Endospore former
clostridium tetani
rod with bulging spores, causes tetanus
* (firmicutes)
* constant muscle contraction
Endospore former
Enterococcus spp.
cocci, enteric microbiota
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
not likely to cause disease :)
Lactobacillus spp.
rods, dairy culture
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
not likely to cause disease :)
Lactococcus spp.
cocci, dairy culture
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
not likely to cause disease :)
staphylococcus aureus
coccus infects skin, causes toxic shock syndrome and MRSA.
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
staphylococcus epidermidis
coccus, skin microbiota
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
Listeria spp.
rods, intracellular pathogens, grow at refrigerator temperature
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore forming
will cause disease
Mycoplasma genitalium
Mollicutes (lack cell wall)
(firmicutes)
Ameboid shape
genital microbiota
mycoplasma pneumoniae
Ameboid shape
(firmicutes)
causes pneumonia
Actinomyces israelii
(actinobacteria)
forms branched mycelial filaments, causes actinonycosis
Corynebacterium diphteriae
(actinobacteria)
irregular rod, causes diphtheria
Cutibacterium acnes
(actinobacteria)
Rod, causes acne
Mycobacterium leprae
(actinobacteria)
short rod, acid fast, causes leprosy
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(actinobacteria)
short rod, acid fast, thick cell wall with mycolic acids, causes TB
GRAM (+)
Firmicutes typically grow as?
defined rods or cocci
endospores are able to resist a, b, c,
a, drying
b, freezing,
c, chemical disinfectants
most species of the genus clostridium are?
obligate anaerobes
Clostridium growing endospores swells the end resulting in?
a club shape
Lactic acid bacteria (lactococcus and lactobacillus) can grow in the a)… of oxygen.
but cannot use oxygen to b)…
a)… presence or absence
b)… respire
Listeria species are?
facultative anaerobic rods
staphylococcus are
facultative anaerobics and salt tolerant
streptococcus are
areotolerant,
staphylococci and streptococci are sub-grouped by their ability to?
hemolyze
Partly hemolysis
alpha (greenish halo)
fully hemolysis
beta (clear halo)
atypical bacteria
- completely lost cell wall and cause.
- rapidly reproduce in host tissues.
- pneumonia or meningitis
Mycoplasmas
mycobacterium spp, M.tuberculosis and M.leprae are
faculatitive intracellular pathogens
All the proteobacteria share a common form of
cell envelope
Pseudomonaceae
P. aeruginosa commonly grows in soil as a decomposer, but in humans it?
it grows in surgical wounds or forms biofilms in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.
legionelle pneumonophilla is a a)… related to pseudomonads.
intracellular pathogen
Vibrio cholerae is a comma-shaped organism with a a) … flagellum
a) singular
Helicobacter pylori
colonizes the gastric lining at extremly low PH which leads to chronic gastritis and stomach cancer
Spirochete’s flagella do what
twist around the cell body
Spirochetes flagella move in what motion
corkscrew
Treponema
pallidum causes
syphilis
treponema
pertenue causes
yaws
Chlamydias have absent or diminished cell walls but are not
mycoplasmas
Persistent infection with C. trachomatis can lead to
pelvic inflammatory disease
