Chapter 10

Question 1

a)… major phyla (superphyla) are known to impact human health and the ecosystem.

Answer 1

seven

Question 2

Firmicutes and Actinobacteria

Answer 2

Gram positive

Question 3

firmicutes produce

Answer 3

endospores

Question 4

actinobacteria produce

Answer 4

antibiotics

Question 5

Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes

Answer 5

Gram negative

Question 6

is a very diverse phylum that includes species capable of a
wide range of metabolism.

Answer 6

Proteobacteria

Question 7

are all Gram-negative rods; most are obligate anaerobes.

Answer 7

Bacteroidetes

Question 8

share a distinctive form: tightly coiled cells enclosed by a
sheath, with periplasmic flagellum that run underneath the sheath along the cell body.

Answer 8

Spirochaetes

Question 9

Spirochaetes are gram?

Answer 9

negative

Question 10

are obligate intracellular pathogens that grow as inclusion bodies within host cells.

Answer 10

Chlamydiae

Question 11

peptidoglycan with an additional thick waxy coat.

Answer 11

Actinobacteria

Question 12

high “G+C” content

Answer 12

Actinobacteria

Question 13

Low “G+C” content

Answer 13

Firmicutes

Question 14

Has teichoic acids for structure

Answer 14

Firmicutes

Question 15

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 15

Rod-shaped soil bacterium, causes anthrax
(Firmicutes)
Endospore former

Question 16

Clostridioides difficile

Answer 16

• rod with bulginng spores, causes intestinal disease in patients whose normal biota are diminished by antibiotics
• (firmicutes)
  Endospore former

Question 17

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 17

• rod with bulging spores, causes botulism; produces botox.
• (firmicutes)
• (decreased muscles contraction)
  Endospore former

Question 18

clostridium tetani

Answer 18

rod with bulging spores, causes tetanus
* (firmicutes)
* constant muscle contraction
Endospore former

Question 19

Enterococcus spp.

Answer 19

cocci, enteric microbiota
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
not likely to cause disease :)

Question 20

Lactobacillus spp.

Answer 20

rods, dairy culture
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
not likely to cause disease :)

Question 21

Lactococcus spp.

Answer 21

cocci, dairy culture
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers
not likely to cause disease :)

Question 22

staphylococcus aureus

Answer 22

coccus infects skin, causes toxic shock syndrome and MRSA.
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers

Question 23

staphylococcus epidermidis

Answer 23

coccus, skin microbiota
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore formers

Question 24

Listeria spp.

Answer 24

rods, intracellular pathogens, grow at refrigerator temperature
(Firmicutes)
Non-spore forming
will cause disease

Question 25

Mycoplasma genitalium

Answer 25

Mollicutes (lack cell wall) **(firmicutes)** Ameboid shape genital microbiota

Question 26

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 26

Ameboid shape **(firmicutes)** causes pneumonia

Question 27

Actinomyces israelii

Answer 27

(actinobacteria) forms branched mycelial filaments, causes actinonycosis

Question 28

Corynebacterium diphteriae

Answer 28

(actinobacteria) irregular rod, causes diphtheria

Question 29

Cutibacterium acnes

Answer 29

(actinobacteria) Rod, causes acne

Question 30

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 30

(actinobacteria) short rod, acid fast, causes leprosy

Question 31

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 31

(actinobacteria) short rod, acid fast, thick cell wall with mycolic acids, causes TB

Question 32

# **GRAM (+)** Firmicutes typically grow as?

Answer 32

defined rods or cocci

Question 33

endospores are able to resist a, b, c,

Answer 33

a, drying b, freezing, c, chemical disinfectants

Question 34

most species of the genus **clostridium** are?

Answer 34

obligate anaerobes

Question 35

Clostridium growing endospores swells the end resulting in?

Answer 35

a club shape

Question 36

Lactic acid bacteria (lactococcus and lactobacillus) can grow in the a)... of oxygen. but cannot use oxygen to b)...

Answer 36

a)... presence or absence b)... respire

Question 37

Listeria species are?

Answer 37

facultative anaerobic rods

Question 38

staphylococcus are

Answer 38

facultative anaerobics and salt tolerant

Question 39

streptococcus are

Answer 39

areotolerant,

Question 40

staphylococci and streptococci are sub-grouped by their ability to?

Answer 40

hemolyze

Question 41

Partly hemolysis

Answer 41

alpha (greenish halo)

Question 42

fully hemolysis

Answer 42

beta (clear halo)

Question 43

# atypical bacteria * completely lost cell wall and cause. * rapidly reproduce in host tissues. * pneumonia or meningitis

Answer 43

Mycoplasmas

Question 44

mycobacterium spp, M.tuberculosis and M.leprae are

Answer 44

faculatitive intracellular pathogens

Question 45

All the proteobacteria share a common form of

Answer 45

cell envelope

Question 46

# Pseudomonaceae **P. aeruginosa** commonly grows in soil as a decomposer, but in humans it?

Answer 46

it grows in surgical wounds or forms biofilms in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.

Question 47

legionelle pneumonophilla is a a)... related to pseudomonads.

Answer 47

intracellular pathogen

Question 48

Vibrio cholerae is a comma-shaped organism with a a) ... flagellum

Answer 48

a) singular

Question 49

Helicobacter pylori

Answer 49

colonizes the gastric lining at extremly low PH which leads to chronic gastritis and stomach cancer

Question 50

Spirochete's flagella do what

Answer 50

twist around the cell body

Question 51

Spirochetes flagella move in what motion

Answer 51

corkscrew

Question 52

# Treponema pallidum causes

Answer 52

syphilis

Question 53

# treponema pertenue causes

Answer 53

yaws

Question 54

Chlamydias have absent or diminished cell walls but are not

Answer 54

mycoplasmas

Question 55

Persistent infection with C. trachomatis can lead to

Answer 55

pelvic inflammatory disease