Chapter 10 Flashcards
here is (animate objects)
います
there is (inanimate objects)
あります
outside
そと
door
ドア/と
window
まど
desk
つくえ
chair
いす
pencil sharpener
えんぴつけずり
trash can
ごみばこ
dog
いぬ
cat
ねこ
again
また
in, at
location に + existence verb
male
おとこ
female
おんな
person
ひと
child
こども
man
おとこのひと
woman
おんなのひと
boy
おとこのこ
girl
おんなのこ
toilet, bathroom, restroom
(お)トイレ / (お)てあらい
pool
プール
person (formal)
かた
tree
き
flower
はな
pond
いけ
fish
さかな
bird
とり
a lot, many
たくさん
a few, a little
すこし
large mechanized goods counter (1~5 + question)
いちだい にだい さんだい よんだい ごだい なんだい
birds/rabbits (1~5+question)
いちわ にわ さんわ よんわ ごわ なんわ
small animals (1~11 + question)
いっぴき にひき さんびき よんひき ごひき ろっぴき ななひき はっぴき きゅうひき じ(ゅ)っぴき じゅういっぴき なんびき
long cylindrical objects (1~11 + question)
いっぽん にほん さんぼん よんほん ごほん ろっぽん ななほん はっぽん きゅうほん じ（ゅ）っぽん じゅういっぽん なんぼん
building
たてもの
office
じむしょ
classroom
きょうしつ
locker
ロッカー
is new
あたらしい
is old
ふるい
is beautiful
うつくしい
is famous
ゆうめい
is not new
あたらしくないです
is not old
ふるくないです
is not beautiful
うつくしくないです
is not famous
ゆうめいではありません
garden
にわ
garage
ガレージ
room
へや
bed
ベッド
cockroach
ごきぶり
mouse
ねずみ
pig
ぶた
is wide, spacious
ひろい
is narrow, cramped
せまい
is near, close
ちかい
is far
とおい
How many students does a typical Japanese high school classroom accomodate?
40 students.
How are the desks situated in a Japanese classroom?
The desks are situated in rows with narrow aisles facing the front of the classroom where the teacher stands.
How is the front of the classroom sometimes different from the rest of the room? Why?
The front of the room may be elevated so that the teacher can easily see to the back of the classroom.
What do students do upon entering the school?
Students change their shoes to “in school shoes.” Their walking shoes are left in shoe boxes near the entrance.
What are students responsible for at school?
Students are responsible for cleaning their own classrooms, hallways, and bathrooms. Chores include sweeping, mopping, and cleaning chalkboards.
What happens between subjects/classes in Japanese schools?
Students wait at their desks for the teacher to come. Students remain in one classroom while teachers shift from one class to another.
What is a common habit of the Japanese when asked where something is?
They often answer by first repeating the name of the thing before telling where it is.
When is spring in Japan?
March, April, and May.
When is summer in Japan?
June, July, and August.
When is autumn in Japan?
September, October, and November.
When is winter in Japan?
December, January, and February.
What is the rainy season called in Japan? When is it?
The rainy season, called つゆ, is in June and July.
In what month does school start in Japan? What is it associated with? Why?
April marks the opening of the school year and is associated with cherry blossom.
Japanese people often remember memorable events in conjunction with the natural events of the season.
Which Japanese students wear school uniforms? How many?
A majority of students in Japan wear school uniforms, both private and public schools may employ this custom.
What is private/public in Japanese?
しりつ (private)
こうりつ (public)
What is the style of Japanese school uniforms? Colours?
Traditionally, school uniforms have been conservative in style and colour, often navy, black, or grey. More recently, schools have had famous fashion designers create their uniforms so that they are more appealing to the students.
Boys’ uniforms often also include caps with the school insignia attached to the front cap.
How is the dress code in Japan? What does it include?
Dress codes are rather strict. Restricting makeup, jewelry, and permed hair. Hair style and length are also relatively restricted.
How many sets of uniforms do students own? Why? In what occasions do they switch them?
All students own at least two sets of uniforms, one for the winter and one for the summer. Students are required to switch from summer to winter uniforms in November and winter to summer in June.
かえるのこばかえる
What does this Japanese proverb mean?
A frog’s child is a frog.
A child resembles his/her parents and will have a life like his/her parents. A child has the same kind of ability as his/her parents. Therefore, parents should not expect more of their child than they themselves could achieve.
“The apple doesn’t fall very far from the tree.”
What does the いぬ say?
dog - ワンワン
What does the ねこ say?
cat - ニャーニャー
What does the うし say?
cow - モー
What does the うま say?
horse - ヒヒーン
What does the ぶた say?
pig - ブーブー
What does the ねずみ say?
mouse - チューチュー
What does the ちいさいとり say?
small bird - ピーピー
What does the ライオン say?
lion - ワオー
What does the さる say?
monkey - キャッキャッ
What does theにわとり
chicken/rooster - コケコッコー
ねこにこばん
What does this Japanese proverb mean?
ねこ is a cat, こばん is a gold coin used during the Tokugawa period. Therefore, this proverb means, “to give a gold coin to a cat.”
It is used when someone receives something and cannot appreciate its value. This is similar to the Western expression, “to cast pearls before swine.”
さるもきからおちる
What does this Japanese proverb mean?
さる is a money. も means even. き is a tree. から means from. おちる means to fall. Therefore, this proverb means, “Even a money falls from a tree.” It means that even skillful people sometimes make mistakes.
What are the different ways of saying “washroom” in Japanese?
（お）べんじょ （お）てあらい （お）トイレ けしょうしつ WC
（お）べんじょ
Politeness, usage, other facts?
べん means human waste. じょ means room. Therefore, this word literally means a place for these functions. Modern Japanese people avoid the use of this word, as it sounds too direct and crude. If you go to the countryside in Japan, you may still find toilets referred to in this way.
（お）てあらい
Politeness, usage, other facts?
て means hands. あらい is the stem of the verb that means to wash. Therefore, this word means “a place to wash hands.” This is a more polite expression and it is commonly used by Japanese, especially women.
（お）トイレ
Politeness, usage, other facts?
トイレ is from the English word toilet and is used by young Japanese, especially young men.
おトイレ (which is more polite) tends to be used more commonly by females than males.
けしょうしつ/WC
Politeness, usage, other facts?
WC means water closet and is taken from British English.
けしょうしつ means powder room. Both are also used.
Japanese-styled toilets.
How does one use it? How common are they?
Japanese-style toilets are becoming less common in Japan. To use them, one must squat (females) or stand (males) over a long rectangular porcelain receptacle which is installed into the floor.
Which style toilets are most commonly used in modern times? In public restrooms? At home?
Most public restrooms now have Western-style sit down toilets. Modern homes are often now equipped with computerized toilets which can heat up, spray your bottom, and flush automatically.
What is different about public restrooms in Japan? What should you bring to the restroom with you?
Public restrooms often do not provide paper towels to use after washing your hands. Railroad station restrooms may not even supply toilet paper which must be purchased in vending machines.
What does かれ mean?
“he, him” but has been expanded to mean boyfriend by young Japanese people.
わたしのかれ - my boyfriend
lit: My boy
What does かのじょ mean?
“she, her” but has been expanded to mean girlfriend by young Japanese people.
わたしのかのじょ - my girlfriend
lit: My girl.
What is special about the words かのじょ and かれ?
Originally, these terms were not part of the Japanese language. These words were developed through Western influence and nowadays are quite commonly used when one refers to equals or inferiors, but never to superiors.
