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Psychology Chapter 10 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

sequence of age-related changed that occur as a person progresses from conception to death

A

Development

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2
Q

extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy

A

Prenatal period

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3
Q

Germinal stage (2 weeks)

Embryonic stage (2 weeks-2 months)

Fetal stage (2 months-birth)

A

Course of Prenatal

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4
Q

first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first 2 weeks after conception, begins when zygote is made, within 36 hours cell division begins

A

Germinal stage

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5
Q

structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus form the mother’s bloodstream, and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother

A

Placenta

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6
Q

second stage of prenatal, lasting 2 weeks to the end of the 2nd month.

Most vital organs and systems begin to form in the developing organism, which is now an embryo. Heart, spine, and brain emerge gradually as cell division becomes more specialized. (about 1 inch long)

A

Embryonic stage

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7
Q

third stage of prenatal development, lasting from 2 months through birth.
Bring rapid bodily growth like muscles and bones

Hearing is functional around 20-24 weeks

A

Fetal stage

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8
Q

23-25 weeks fetus reaches

A

threshold of viability: age where a baby can survive premature birth

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9
Q

refers to the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities

A

Motor development

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10
Q

development that reflects the gradual unfolding on one’s genetic blueprint

A

Maturation

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11
Q

indicate the typical (median) age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities

A

Developmental norms

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12
Q

refers to the close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers.

A

Attachment

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13
Q

emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment

A

Separation anxiety

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14
Q

argue that infant-mother attachment develops because mothers are associated with the powerful, reinforcing event of being fed.

A

Harry Harlow (behaviorists)

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15
Q

made an alternative explanation; he argued there must be a biological basis.

Babies are biologically programmed to emit behavior (smiling, clinging, cooing, etc.) that triggers an affectionate response from adults

Adults are programmed by evolutionary forces to be captivated by this behavior

A

John Bowlby

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16
Q

found that these attachments fall in three categories

Secure attachment (most infants)

Anxious-ambivalent attachment (resistant attachment) (not comforted when mother returns)

Avoidant attachment (seek little contact and distress with mother gone)

A

Mary Ainsworth

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17
Q

process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after only one exposure

A

Fast mapping

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18
Q

occurs when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects or actions than it is meant to

A

Overextension

19
Q

occur when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions than it is meant to

A

Underextensions

20
Q

consists mainly of content words; articles, prepositions, and other less critical words are omitted

A

Telegraphic speech

21
Q

occur when grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized to irregular cases where they do not apply

A

Overregularizations

22
Q

developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.

A

Stage

23
Q

divided life span into eight stages. Each stage brings a psychosocial crisis involving transitions in important social relationships

A

Erikson

24
Q

refers to transitions in youngsters’ patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving

A

Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget)

25
Q

develops when a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible (4-18 months)

A

Object permanence

26
Q

Piaget’s term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance

A

Conservation

27
Q

tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects

A

Centration

28
Q

inability to envision reversing an action

A

Irreversibility

29
Q

thinking is characterized by a limited ability to share another person’s viewpoint

A

Egocentrism

30
Q

belief that all things are living

A

Animism

31
Q

focus on more than one feature of a problem simultaneously

A

Decentration

32
Q

physical features that distinguish one sex from the other but that are not essential for reproduction.

A

Secondary sex characteristics

33
Q

the stage during which sexual functions reach maturity, which marks the beginning of adolescence

A

Puberty

34
Q

the structures necessary for reproduction

A

Primary sex characteristics

35
Q

females puberty is signaled by

A

menarche: the first occurrence of menstruation

36
Q

males it is

A

spermarche: first occurrence of ejaculation

37
Q

abnormal deterioration of memory and other cognitive functions that interferes with activities of daily living

A

Dementia

38
Q

high levels of mental activity in late adulthood can delay the typical age-related declines in cognitive function

A

“use it or lose it” hypothesis

39
Q

Most common strategy for dealing with death and dying in Western cultures is?

A

Avoidance

40
Q

low depression levels before and after death

A

Absent grief

41
Q

low preloss depression is followed by sustained depression

A

Chronic grief

42
Q

spike in depression shortly after death and a decline over time

A

Common grief

43
Q

high preloss depression is followed by a quick and sustained decline in depression after death

A

Depressed-improved pattern

44
Q

high levels of depression before and after loss

A

Chronic depression

Psychology Chapter 10 (1 decks)

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