chapter 10 Flashcards
sex
Biological labeling of secondary sex characteristics
Typically male, female, or intersex
Gender
Psychosocial constructed binary label assigned to people at birth, typically consistent with the sex present at birth (not including intersex)
Gender identity
Psychological sense of ourselves via relationship (or lack thereof) to gender
Transgender
being/experience of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs inconsistent with their identity
TGNC
Transgender/Gender Non-Conforming
Features of Gender Dysphoria (criteria)
A) A meraked incongruence between one’s experiences/expressed gender and assigned gender, of at least 6 months’ duration, as manifested by at least two of the following:
1. A marked incongruence between one’s experience/expressed gender and primary and/or secondary sex characteristics (or in young adolescents, the anticipated secondary sex characteristics)
2. A strong desire to be rid of one’s primary and/or secondary sex characteristics because of a marked incongruence with one’s experienced/expressed gender (or in young adolescents, a desire to prevent the development of the anticipated secondary sex characteristics)
3. A strong desire for the primary and/pr secondary sex characteristics of the other gender
4. A strong desire to be of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
5. A strong desire to be treated as the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
6. A strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender (or some alternative gender different from one’s assigned gender)
B) The condition is associated with clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Features of Gender Dysphoria (specify if)
Specify if:
With disorder/difference of sex development
Specify if:
Post Transition
The significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning associated with Gender Dysphoria stems from…
THE TREATMENT AND SOCIETAL ATTITUDE THE INDIVIDUAL FACES AND ENDURES, NOT THE INCONGRUENCE ITSELF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Psychodynamic persepctive - gender dysphoria
Depends on the relationship with parents
- Overidentification with parents of a different sex
- Absent parents (to become or replace) or extremely close (to become and reflect)
learning perspective - gender dysphoria
Encouragement or frequenting of another gender and related behaviors
Biological perspective - gender dysphoria
Variations in hormones during prenatal development, perhaps a disturbance in hormonal environment has gender identity develop one way with the secondary sex characteristic develop the other way
summary (of theoretical perspectives) - gender dysphoria
(genetic + hormonal influence) x (early life expectancies)
Or, who knows, and do we need to know?
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions
Note: Gender Dysphoria and Sexual/Paraphilic Dysfunctions are entirely different chapters in the DSM V TR – the conflation is dangerous and unfounded
Quantifiers
KEY
The sexual dysfunction is not better explained by a nonsexual mental disorder or as a consequence of severe relationship distress or other significant stressors and is not attributable to the effects of a substance/medication or another medical condition
specifiers
lifelong
acquired
generalized
situational
mild
moderate
severe
lifelong
The disturbance has been present since the individual became sexually active
acquired
The disturbance began after a period of relatively normal sexual function
generalized
Not limited to certain types of stimulation, situations, or partners
situational
Only occurs with certain types of stimulation, situations, or partners
mild
Evidence of mild distress over the symptoms
moderate
Evidence of moderate distress over the symptoms
severe
Evidence of severe or extreme distress over the symptoms
Disorders of Interest and Arousal
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Erectile disorder
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Persistently little, if any sexual or erotic thoughts, or desire for sexual intimacy
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Lack or greatly reduce level of sexual interest, drive or arousal and/or lack of pleasure during intimacy
Erectile disorder
Difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection during sex
Orgasm Disorders
Female orgasmic disorder
Delayed ejaculation
Premature (early) ejaculation
Female orgasmic disorder
Marked delay in, marked infrequency of, or absence of orgasm and/or markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations
Delayed ejaculation
Marked delay in ejaculation and/or marked infrequency or absence of ejaculation
Premature (early) ejaculation
Persistent or recurrent pattern of ejaculation occurring during partnered sexual activity within approximately 1 minute following vaginal penetration and before the individual wishes it
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration Disorder
Persistent or recurrent difficulties with one (or more) of the following:
Vaginal penetration during intercourse
Marked vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during vaginal intercourse or penetration attempts
Marked fear or anxiety about vulvovaginal or pelvic pain in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal penetration
Marked tensing or tightening of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration
Vaginismus
Vaginismus
involuntary contraction of muscles making penetration painful or impossible
psychological perspective (Genito-pelvic pain/penetration Disorder)
Performance anxiety
Unresolved conflicts
Lack of sexual competencies
Sexual trauma
biological perspective (Genito-pelvic pain/penetration Disorder)
Testosterone levels
Disease
Effects of alcohol
Effects of other drugs
sociocultural perspective (Genito-pelvic pain/penetration Disorder)
Sexually restrictive cultural learning
Attitudes towards sex and pleasure
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions
sex therapy
other common interventions
Sex Therapy
Therapy targeted at the mental or emotional aspects of sex-related issues
Common interventions
Enhancing self efficacy expectations
Teaching sexual skills
Improving communication
Reducing performance anxiety
Trauma based therapy
Biomedical hormone treatments
Biomedical drugs to facilitate blood flow or delay ejaculation
