chapter 10 Flashcards
transport systems and their spatial distribution (29 cards)
what are some categories of transport modes
land, air or water
shared or private
long-distance or short-distance
motorised or non-motorised
customised or fixed
environmentally friendly or non-environmentally friendly
large capacity or small capacity
what do transport systems do/help with?
they;
- connect people from one place to another
- create opportunities for social interaction and economic activities and development
- move goods and services
what is a transport system?(consists of:)
density of transport network
quality of infrastructure
variety of transport modes
define density of transport network
movements between each location require a network:
- nodes linked by routes
nodes - location that provides entry to the transport network or a change in transport mode
routes - path of travel between nodes
- number of nodes and routes in an area
- the higher the number of nodes and routes, the higher the network density
cities have a higher network density compared to rural areas as it is easier for people to travel between locations to engage in different activities
what are modes?
conveyances used for the mobility of passengers and freight
mobile elements of transportation
what are infrastructures?
physical support of transport modes, such as routes and terminals
fixed elements of transportation including superstructuresw
what are networks?
a system of linked locations (nodes)
functional and spatial organisation of transportation
what are the different scales nodes can be represented in?
local - can be an interchange where people travel within a neighbourhood via public transport
regional - can be an inter-city train or bus terminal where people travel to other cities
global - can be a maritime port or international airport
example of the scales of nodes:
osaka japan:
local scale - osaka subway and rail
regional scale - shinkansen (high-speed/bullet train)
global scale - international airport like kansai international airport at osaka
define quality of transport infrastructure
- transport hardware (physical objects needed for the transportation mode to work)
- other systems e.g. ticketing and payment
- different modes of transportation will require different infrastructure
- determines how well and how reliably a transport system performs
- a good quality infrastructure ensures efficiency of movement of goods and people. consists:
- roads, walkways, bridges, bicycle lanes, signage, information systems to update real time arrivals, ticketing systems
indicators of quality transport infrastructure
ccfce
capacity - number of people or amt of goods that can be moved
coverage - availability and reach of infrastructure
frequency - number of times a service arrives
convenience - ease of movement or access
environmental sustainability - environmental impact of the infrastructure
an example of all the indicators:
hongkong mtr
- as of 2018, it is very dense, 159 stops over 231 km. wide coverage with 75% of ppn and 94% of workplace located within 1 km of a train station
- large capacity and carries arnd 4.8 mil passengers daily
- arrive every 2 minutes during peak hours and trains are 99.9% on time. railway tracks are check every 3 days for defects
- payments using contactless smart card with stored value. all stations provide at least one barrier free access route
define variety of transport modes: density of transport
- the way people and goods are moved depends on the variety of transport modes in cities:
- modes with fixed routes and stops
- modes with fixed schedules
- modes with point-to-point services (non-stop)
- modes with customised services
examples of various modes of transport:
- air: aeroplane, helicopter
- land: car, buses, motorcycle, train, trams, non-motorised, vehicles
- sea: ferry, ship
non-motorised modes such as bicycle and walking are encouraged in cities- e.g. cycling in copenhagen
- to reduce environmental footprint
- to improve the general health of the population
where are transport nodes located within a city?
- some locations are more important than others in a city
- there are major and minor transport nodes
- major: terminal stations and terminal interchanges
- usually found in areas with a high concentration of activities and good local accessibility
what is a terminal?
a facility where passengers or freight (goods) either originate or terminate in the transport process
what is an interchange?
an important point of transfer within or between transportation networks of different modes of transportation
define concentration of activities and give an example of where services are often located
- cities offer a variety of important services such as:
- banking
- manufacturing
- education
- retail
- transport nodes are often located near such services to allow more people toe access them:
- e.g. in singapore, mrt stations are concentrated around the central business district (CBD)
- city hall and bayfront mrt stations provide people with access to commercial services and employment opportunities in the CBD
- other nodes such as little india, chinatown and botanic gardens mrt stations allow access to tourist destinations.
define level of accessibility
- accessibility is the ease of reaching destinations or activities
- major transport nodes such as interchanges are usually located in areas with high accessibility
- a place with high accessibility is a place that can be reached easily within a given time and cost
- time and cost are two common factors that determine a location’s accessibility and how people choose a travel mode.
- a location has high accessibility when the cost of travelling to the place is low and the travel time is short
- e.g. dhoby ghaut mrt is more accessible than boon keng station as it can be accessed via 3 different lines
why are transport systems located in cities?
- people need transport systems to facilitate movement within a city
- move people, goods and services
- due to differences in population size, resources, topography etc, there is uneven distribution of resources in places.
- the movement of resources from location to another address the problem of uneven distribution
movement of people
- transport systems allow people to commute to work
- an individual’s place of residence and his workplace is usually in separate locations
- work opportunities tend to be in the city centre while affordable housing is found further away
- transport systems allow for access to social activities and amenities
- e.g. sheltered walkways
- allow people to reach their destinations more easily
- in singapore: they are usually within 400m radius for mrt stations and 200m radius for bus interchanges
movement of goods and services
- transport systems facilitate:
- economic activities
- movement of goods and services from businesses/service providers to consumers
- rise of ecommerce has resulted in greater movement of goods that are delivered from door to door
- e.g. grab, deliveroo, ninja van, cainiao, dhl
- transport systems allow essential services to be delivered to communities that lack access
- e.g. water trucks deliver water to households with no access to piped water in mexico city
- in singapore, tank trucks deliver petroleum to petrol kiosks, and chilled trucks deliver ice, or frozen food to food centres and supermarkets.
what are connections between transport modes for
to ease connections between transport modes and between cities
- unimodal and intermodal
unimodal
movement is limited, e.g. taking a bus to school form a bus stop near home
