Chapter 10

Question 1

Theories of language learning

2 basic positions

Answer 1

• The rationalist position - humans have an innate capacity for the development of language
• The empiristic - The LL’s experience is largely resposible for language learnng

Question 2

Pavlov

Behaviourism

Answer 2

Stimuli and reflexive responses - classical conditioning ( STIMULUS + RESPONSE )
Speakng a language is a skill

Question 3

Skinner

Neo-Behaviourism

Answer 3

Stimulus - response - reinforcement
listen/repeat exercises
Aduio-lingual language learning approach - result

Question 4

Universal grammar

Answer 4

• First rationalist theory of language learning
• We are born with set of rules about language n our heads

Question 5

5 Key hypotheses about Second language acquistion

Answer 5

• The acquisition-learning hypothesis
• The natural order hypothesis
• The monitor hypothesis
• The input hypothesis
• The afective filter hypothesis

Question 6

5 Key hypotheses about Second language acquistion

The acquisition-learning hypothesis

Answer 6

Two independent systems of SLA
* the acquired system - subconcious process
* the learned system - conscious process

Question 7

5 Key hypotheses about Second language acquistion

The natural order hypothesis

Answer 7

Some grammatical structures tent to be acquired early while others late

Question 8

5 Key hypotheses about Second language acquistion

The monitor hypothesis

Answer 8

Acquisition is the sole initiator of all second-language utterances and is resposible for fluency
the language we have consciously learned functions as an monitor

Question 9

5 Key hypotheses about Second language acquistion

The input hypothesis

Answer 9

We acquire by understnading language that contains structure a bit beyond our current level of compenece

Question 10

5 Key hypotheses about Second language acquistion

The affective filter hypothesis

Answer 10

LL’s with high motivation, self-confidence, a good self-image and low level of anxiety are better equipped for succes in second language acquisition

Question 11

Cognitive theory

Answer 11

• Learning results from internal mental activity
• Subskills must be practiced
• Internal representation of language are constantly restructured
• Skills are learned only after they have been under controlled processing
• Lls production is variable depending on the degree of attention they pay to language

Question 12

Piaget

Answer 12

Human being learn through experiences - a life long series of trial and error

Question 13

Humanistic approach

Answer 13

• Only when a learner’s self-esteem is raised, they realze their responsbilities in he learning process
• The primary goal is self-realization