Chapter 10 Flashcards
jacksonianism
To some extent, it was. Jackson opposed monopolies and the privileged class of society; he attacked the national bank for this reason. He advocated increased popular participation in government and greater opportunity for the common man.
corrupt bargain
Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.
independent subtreasury
To ensure the absolute safety of federal funds, President Van Buren proposed and Congress passed legislation creating an independent treasury. This took the federal government out of banking. All payments to the government were to be made in hard cash which was to be stored in government vaults until needed.
indian removal
(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River
trail of tears
(1838-39) an 800-mile forced march made by the Cherokee from their homeland in Georgia to Indian Territory; resulted in the deaths of almost one-fourth of the Cherokee people
nullification crisis
1832-33 was over the tariff policy of the Fed. Gov’t, during Jackson’s presidency which prompted South Carolina to threaten the use of NULLIFICATION, possible secession and Andrew Jackson’s determination to end with military force.
the bank war
Jackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich.
the whigs
Founded in 1834 to unite factions opposed to President Andrew Jackson, the party favored federal responsibility for internal improvements; the party ceased to exist by the late 1850s, when party members divided over the slavery issue.
specie circular
Issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.
john c calhoun
South Carolina Senator - advocate for state’s rights, limited government, and nullification
nicholas biddle
president of the Bank of the United States; known for bribes and corruption
roger taney
chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional
worcester v georgia
Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe’s sovereignty - Jackson ignored it
maysville road bill
Passed by Congress in 1830, authorized the government to buy stock in a road from Maysville to Lexington. The road lay within Kentucky to appear as a local goal, but was truly part of a larger scheme linking with the National Road. Jackson vetoed the bill as unconstitutional.
tariff of 1828
a high tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing Southerners to pay higher prices on manufactured goods; called the “Tariff of Abominations” by Southerners
