Chapter 10 Flashcards
What term is used to describe a young child’s tendency to only consider the world from their own perspective?
a.
Disparity
b.
Narcissism
c.
Autonomy
d.
Egocentrism
d.
Egocentrism
Which of the following would be most difficult for an elderly adult?
a.
Learning to use all the functions in a new car
b.
Keeping a beat by tapping a finger on the table
c.
Getting physical exercise each day
d.
Performing daily household routines
c.
Getting physical exercise each day
Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of
a.
generativity versus stagnation.
b.
intimacy versus isolation.
c.
initiative versus guilt.
d.
ego integrity versus despair.
b.
intimacy versus isolation.
Which of the following concepts originated from studies with cats?
a.
Accommodation
b.
Assimilation
c.
Attachment
d.
Behavioural inhibition
d.
Behavioural inhibition
Which of the following is most influenced by culture?
a.
Whether children will learn to speak
b.
Whether children will understand mathematics
c.
Whether children will develop theory of mind
d.
Whether children will learn to crawl
b.
Whether children will understand mathematics
‘Empty nest’ researchers have found that
a.
most empty nesters are men who experience a period of depression after their children leave home.
b.
the experience of the empty nest is no different than the experience of infertility.
c.
women with careers tend to experience depression after their children leave home.
d.
most empty nesters experience an increase in life satisfaction after their children leave home.
d.
most empty nesters experience an increase in life satisfaction after their children leave home.
Research examining biological influences on gender has found that
a.
gender differences do not emerge until socializing influences have had an opportunity to act on children.
b.
culture plays a larger role in gender differences relative to the effects of biology or social environment.
c.
even young infants and nonhuman primates tend to show gender-consistent preferences in toy selection and play.
d.
biological differences determine both sex and gender.
c. Even young infants and nonhuman primates tend to show gender-consistent preferences in toy selection and play.
In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development between seven and 11 years of age, in which an individual becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking, is the __________ stage.
a.
concrete operational
b.
formal operational
c.
preoperational
d.
sensorimotor
a.
concrete operational
Overall physical maturity is most closely related to the onset of which of the following?
a.
Androgens
b.
Spermarche
c.
Secondary sex characteristics
d.
Menarche
d.
Menarche
Research has demonstrated that infants learn __________ very early in cognitive development and, for example, become bored with pictures of birds if they have already seen a lot of other bird pictures.
a.
conservation
b.
accommodation
c.
categorization
d.
assimilation
c.
categorization
Which of the following statements is illustrative of the post hoc fallacy?
a.
Believing that because most professional athletes lift weights, weightlifting produces professional athletes
b.
Believing that because someone is specially trained, they are more likely to become a professional athlete
c.
Believing that because someone has benefitted from the best coaching, they will have a good chance of becoming a professional athlete
d.
Believing that because someone is muscular in body type, they are more likely to become a professional athlete
a.
Believing that because most professional athletes lift weights, weightlifting produces professional athletes
Dr. Aragio is a pediatrician and is constantly advising parents to carefully monitor the early experiences their children have (especially within the first three years of life), as these are the most crucial in their psychological and physical development. Which view of development is consistent with Dr. Aragio’s advice?
a.
Constructivism
b.
Resiliency hypothesis
c.
Childhood fragility
d.
Infant determinism
d.
Infant determinism
Allison notices that when they gently touch their infant’s cheek, the infant opens their mouth and turns toward Allison’s hand. This reflex is called the
a.
rooting reflex.
b.
sucking reflex.
c.
zygote reflex.
d.
accommodation reflex.
a.
rooting reflex.
Like any four-month-old, Amy depends on their parents to feed them and to change their diapers. When Amy cries, their devoted parents quickly respond to their needs. According to Erikson, Amy is developing a sense of
a.
initiative.
b.
trust.
c.
shame.
d.
autonomy.
b.
trust.
The belief that children will have increased cognitive abilities if their parents play classical music for them during infancy reflects
a.
a pro-nature perspective.
b.
a pro-nurture perspective.
c.
a belief that genes set limits on cognitive ability.
d.
a belief that cognitive ability is domain-specific.
b.
a pro-nurture perspective.
