Chapter 10 Flashcards
Children 1 to 2 years of age
May react extremely to painless procedures
Example taking a temperature
Preparing child and patient
- calm confident approach
- correctly identify the patient by using at least two patient identifiers
- find out about child’s past experience with blood collections
- develop a plan
- place yourself at child’s eye level to explain and demonstrate procedure
- establish guidelines
- be honest when child asks whether the puncture will hurt
- encourage parent involvement
Children 3 to 5 years of age
Perceive pain as a punishment for bad behavior they may react aggressively
Children 6 to 12 years of age
More likely to relate pain to past experiences
Example may perceive that a shot or needle hurts more than anything that ever happened to them
Children 13 to 17 years of age
More independent and may be embarrassed to show fear
Example usually need privacy and may react hostile to mask fear
With proper preparation the child and patent
Develop coping skills to help lessen the fear and diminish the hurt
Parenting behaviors and examples have positive effect on relieving child distress
Behaviors- distraction (look at mommy tell us about your doll)
Emotional support- hugging stoking hair paying and talking in a soothing voice
Explanation- we need to take a tiny bit of blood from finger you will feel a little prick
Positive enforcement - you did a great job holding your a still
Distraction techniques
Older than 3 years respond well. Helps refocus on a more pleasant experience.
Examples-
blow bubbles,pinwheels , counting,reading book,video,music,singing,talk gentle voice
Topical anesthetic ( pain reliever ) EMLA(eutectic mixture of local anesthetic) rubbed on skin when needle stick used for venipuncture on a child doesn’t require a needle.
Applies to skin as patch or cream coverered with transparent dressing
Optimal anesthesia occurs after 45 to 60 minutes lasts 2 to 3 hrs
Drawbacks are the cost, need to apply 60 minutes before procedure, know in advance the location of vein to be used
Sucrose (a sugar ) effective in reducing pain in crying time for an infant up to 6 months old
25% solution mixing 4 teaspoons of water with 1 tablespoon of sugar
Administers by oral syringe,dropper,nipple,pacifier
Sucrose nipple or pacifier given 2 minutes before heelsticks lasts about 5 minutes
Which of the following is the specimen of choice for testing the ph,po2,and pcO2 of the blood
Arterial blood
Which of the following supplies is needed to collect blood for capillary blood gases from a newborn infant
Metal filling
Which of the following supplies is needed to collect blood for a pediatric venipuncture
Safety winged infusion set
Blood spot testing for neonatal screening disorders should be performed before the newborn is
72 hrs old
Venipunctures in an infant or toddler is recommended for which of the following blood tests
Blood cultures
When a skin puncture is performed on an infant which of the following Soecimens is collected first
Hematology specimens
