chapter 10

Question 1

contractile elements of muscle fibers

Answer 1

myofibrils

Question 2

bind to an active site on action
able to bend straighten during muscle contraction
ATPase enzyme breaks down ATP

Answer 2

properties of myosin heads

Question 3

in relaxed muscles this is covering the active site on G actin

Answer 3

tropomyosin

Question 4

attachment to G actin
attachment to tropomyosin
Binding of calcium

Answer 4

Troponin

Question 5

globular subunits that form a long chain called F actin

Answer 5

G actin

Question 6

strands twisted together to form and base structure

Answer 6

2F- Actins

Question 7

specialized nerve cell that carries information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles

Answer 7

motor neuron

Question 8

point of communication between a motor neuron and its axon branches

Answer 8

synapse

Question 9

end of an axon

Answer 9

presynaptic cleft

Question 10

space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber

Answer 10

synaptic cleft

Question 11

plasma membrane in the area of the junction

Answer 11

postsynaptic membrane

Question 12

synaptic vesicles contain what Neurotransmitter

Answer 12

acetylcholine

Question 13

During muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to thin filaments and pull them towards the M line, thin filaments slide inward Z discs become closer together, sarcomere shortens causing muscle fiber to shorten causing shortening of entire muscle

Answer 13

sliding filament theory

Question 14

movement of myosin heads pulls the thin filaments past the thick filament towards the M line

Answer 14

power stroke

Question 15

the attachment of myosin head to actin during contraction

Answer 15

cross-bridge

Question 16

when ACH is no longer released at the NMJ

Answer 16

Muscle relaxation

Question 17

intermediate energy system, 15s short duration high intensity exercise

Answer 17

creatine phosphate

Question 18

does not require oxygen 30-40s, involves breakdown of glucose moderate high intensity exercise

Answer 18

anaerobic

Question 19

requires oxygen and break down of glucose enough energy for hours long term energy system period of rest or light to moderate exercise

Answer 19

aerobic

Question 20

the inability of a muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity

Answer 20

muscle fatigue

Question 21

the process in which the number of active motor units increase

Answer 21

motor unit recruitment

Question 22

random stimulation of motor units creating isometric contraction for position and stability, balance

Answer 22

muscle tone

Question 23

decrease in muscle tone

Answer 23

hypotonia

Question 24

increase in muscle tone

Answer 24

hypertonia

Question 25

change in muscle length force remains the same

Answer 25

isotonic

Question 26

muscle shortens

Answer 26

concentric

Question 27

muscle lengthens

Answer 27

eccentric

Question 28

no change in length

Answer 28

isometric

Question 29

slow twitch oxidative

Answer 29

type I

Question 30

fast twitch oxidative

Answer 30

Type II a

Question 31

fast twitch Glycolytic

Answer 31

Type II b

Question 32

Type I

Answer 32

aerobic; muscles in back

Question 33

Type II a

Answer 33

aerobic and anaerobic; Lower limbs

Question 34

Type II b

Answer 34

anaerobic ; upper limbs

Question 35

helps muscle contracts in unison
transports nutrients/extracellular fluid to inner parts of the muscle fiber

Answer 35

T-Tubules

Question 36

movement of the body
maintenance of posture
respiration
production of body heat
contraction of organs and vessels

Answer 36

Functions of muscle tissue

Question 37

contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles

Answer 37

presynaptic terminal

Question 38

alters activity of muscle fiber

Answer 38

acetylcholine