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chapter 10-14 > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease:

A

Brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity

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2
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident:

A

Damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of
blood supply to brain tissue; a stroke

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3
Q

Concussion:

A

Blunt injury to the brain severe enough to cause loss of

consciousness

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4
Q

Epilepsy:

A

• Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

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5
Q

Glioblastoma:

A

• Malignant brain tumour arising from glial cells.

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6
Q

Hemiplasia:

•

A

• Paralysis that affects the right or left half of the body

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7
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges (membranes surrounding the

brain and spinal cord)

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8
Q

Multiple Sclerosis:

A

• Destruction of the myelin sheath on the nerve cells in the
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), with
replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

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9
Q

Paraplegia:

•

A

Paralysis that affects the lower portion of the body

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10
Q

Syncope:

•

A

Fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a

result of inadequate flow of blood to the brain

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11
Q

Lumbar Puncture:

•

A

Pressure of CSF is measured and contrast may be
injected for imaging after removal of CSF from a space
between the lumbar vertebrae. An LP or spinal tap
also provides a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for
analysis

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12
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis:

•

A

Chemical tests (for Na, Cl, protein, and glucose), cell
counts, cultures and bacterial smears on samples of
CSF to detect diseases of the brain or meninges

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13
Q

Cerebral Angiography:

•

A

X-ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the

injection of contrast material into an artery

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14
Q

CT Scan:

•

A

Of the brain and spinal cord with or without contrast

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15
Q

MRI:

•

A

Images of the brain and spinal cord through radiofrequency

waves

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16
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan:

•

A

Radioactive material into the brain shows how the brain uses

glucose and gives information about the brain function

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17
Q

AD:

A

Alzheimer disease

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18
Q

CNS:

A

Central Nervous System

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19
Q

CSF:

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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20
Q

CVA:

A

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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21
Q

EEG:

A

Electroencephalography

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22
Q

LP:

A

Lumbar puncture

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23
Q

MS: Multiple Sclerosis

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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24
Q

TIA: Transient Ischemic Attack (temporary

interference with blood supply to the brain)

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (temporary

interference with blood supply to the brain)

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25
Q

Aneurysm:

•

A

Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial
wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis

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26
Q

Angina:

A

• Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle

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27
Q

Arrhythmia:

•

A

Abnormal heartbeat (rhythm)

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28
Q

Atherosclerosis:

•

A

Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like

plaque

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29
Q

Congestive Heart Failure:

A

• Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood.
Blood accumulates in the lungs, causing PULMONARY EDEMA

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30
Q

Hypertension:

A

High blood pressure. Essential hypertension is high blood
pressure with no apparent cause. In secondary
hypertension, another illness (kidney disease or adrenal
gland disorder) is the cause of high blood pressure

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31
Q

Myocardial Infarction:

A

• Heart attack. Infarction is an area of dead (necrotic) tissue

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32
Q

shock

A

A group of signs and symptoms indicating poor oxygen
supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the
heart

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33
Q

• Cardiac Enzyme Tests:

A

Measurements of enzymes released into the
bloodstream after a heart attack. Troponin is the
enzyme (CTNI).

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34
Q

Lipid Tests:

A

Measurements of cholesterol and triglyceride levels

in the blood

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35
Q

Lipoprotein Tests:

A

Measurements of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

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36
Q

Angiography:

A

Recording blood vessels after the injection of contrast into

the bloodstream.

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37
Q

Cardiac Catheterization:

A

• Introducing a catheter into a vein or artery to measure

pressure and flow patterns of blood

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38
Q

Doppler Ultrasound

A

Measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves

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39
Q

Echocardiography:

A

• Producing images of the heart via sound waves or echoes

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40
Q

Electrocardiography:

A

Recording electricity flowing through the heart

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41
Q

Holter Monitoring:

A

Detection of abnormal heart rhythms that involves having
a patient wear compact version of an electrocardiograph
for 24 hours

42
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

A

Producing an image, by beaming magnetic waves at the

heart, that gives detailed information

43
Q

MUGA Scan:

A

Imaging the motion of heart wall muscles and assessing
the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition
scan, which uses radioactive chemicals

44
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan:

A

Radioactive chemicals, which release radioactive particles, are
injected into the bloodstream and travel to the heart

45
Q

Stress Test:

A

An ECG plus blood pressure and heart rate measurements

show the heart’s response to physical exertion (treadmill test)

46
Q

Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Scan

A

A radioactive chemical is injected intravenously and shows

perfusion (flow) of blood in heart muscle

47
Q

Thallium Scan:

A

Radioactive test that shows where injected thallium-201

localizes in heart muscles

48
Q

acs

A

Acute coronary syndromes (lead to plaque/clot

formation and heart attack)

49
Q

ami

A

Acute myocardial infarction

50
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

51
Q

CABG:

A

Coronary artery bypass grafting (surgical
placement of vessels, either vein or artery, to
detour blocked coronary arteries)

52
Q

CAD:

A

Coronary artery disease

53
Q

CCU

A

Coronary care unit

54
Q

CHF

A

Congestive heart failure

55
Q

ECG

A

: Electrocardiography

56
Q

ECHO

A

Echocardiography

57
Q

HTN

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

58
Q

PCI

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention
(placement of a catheter and stent in a coronary
artery to open the artery; balloon angioplasty)

59
Q

Asphyxia

A

Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body with

increase of CO2 leads to loss of consciousness or death

60
Q

• Asthma:

A

Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway

obstruction

61
Q

Atelectasis:

A

Collapsed lung

62
Q

Emphysema:

A

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
Along with chronic bronchitis and asthma, emphysema is a type
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

63
Q

Hemoptysis:

A

• Spitting up of blood

64
Q

Hemothorax:

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

65
Q

Pneumoconiosis:

A

Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

66
Q

Tuberculosis:

A

An infectious disease caused by bacteria (bacilli).

The lungs and other organs are affected.

67
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs):

A

Measurement of ventilation (breathing capability) of the
lungs. Spirometer is the instrument used to measure the
air taken into and breathed out of the lungs

68
Q

Sputum Test:

A

• An expelled or expectorated sputum specimen is
provided by a patient coughing and the specimen is
analyzed for bacterial content.

69
Q

Tuberculin Test:

A

Agent is injected just under the skin and is monitored for
a reaction. Redness and swelling result in people
sensitive to the test substance and indicate previous or
current infection with tuberculosis.

70
Q

Bronchoscopy:

A

Visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an

endoscope

71
Q

Chest X-Ray Film:

A

X-ray image of the chest in the AP(anterposterior), PA

(posteroanterior), and lateral side views

72
Q

CT Scan:

A

• Images of the chest

73
Q

Laryngoscopy:

A 
Visual examination of the larynx via the placement of a
flexible tube (laryngoscope) through the nose or
mouth and into the larynx
74
Q

MRI:

A

Images of the chest

75
Q

Pulmonary angiography:

A

X-ray images taken of blood vessels in the lung after an
injection of contrast material. A pulmonary embolism
can be located with this procedure

76
Q

Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scans:

A

Procedures that show air flow (ventilation) and blood
supply (perfusion) to the lungs via the distribution of
radioactive material in the lung tissue after the
radioactive material is intravenously injected or is
inhaled

77
Q

CO2:

A

Carbon dioxide (gas expelled from the lungs)

78
Q

COPD:

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis

or emphysema)

79
Q

CPR

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

80
Q

CXR

A

Chest x-ray

81
Q

O2:

A

Oxygen (gas entering the bloodstream through the lungs)

82
Q

PE

A

: Pulmonary embolism

83
Q

PFTs

A

Pulmonary function tests

84
Q

SOB:

A

Shortness of breath

85
Q

URI:

A

Upper respiratory infection

86
Q

VATS:

A

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (using small incisions and

endoscope)

87
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS):

A 
Suppression or deficiency of the immune response (destruction
of lymphocytes) caused by exposure to human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV
88
Q

Lymphoma:

A

Malignant tumour of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.

Hodgkin disease is an example of lymphoma

89
Q

Mononucleosis:

A

Acute infections disease with enlargement of lymph nodes

90
Q

Sarcoidosis:

A

Inflammatory disease in which small nodules, or tubercles, form
in lymph nodes and other organs

91
Q

CT Scan:

A

• Of the lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen,

and thymus gland

92
Q

ELISA:

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to screen for

antibodies for HIV, which causes AIDS

93
Q

Western Blot Test:

A

A blood test to detect the presence of antibodies
to specific antigens such as HIV. This test is more
precise than the ELISA test.

94
Q

AIDS:

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

95
Q

ELISA:

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (test to detect

anti-HIV)

96
Q

HAART:

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (for AIDS)

97
Q

HD:

A

Hodgkin disease

98
Q

HIV:

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

99
Q

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

A

immunoglobulins(antibodies)

100
Q

MAC:

A

Mycobacterium avium complex (a group of pathogens
that cause lung disease in patients with depressed immune
systems)

101
Q

PCP:

A 
Pneumocystis pneumonia (opportunistic infection seen in
patients with AIDS)
102
Q

nerve cells

A

The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is the nerve cell (neuron).

chapter 10-14 (1 decks)

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