Chapter 10

Question 1

Between-subjects factor

Answer 1

A factor (independent variable) that varies between groups 
- Participants in each group experience different levels of the factor

Question 2

Within-subjects factor

Answer 2

A factor (independent variable) that varies within a group 
- All participants experience all levels of the factor

Question 3

Non-equivalent comparison group design

• Main effect
• Interaction effect

Answer 3

A quasi-experimental design in which non-equivalent experimental treatment and comparison groups are tested at pre-test and post-test

• Main effect: the separate influence of one independent variable on the dependent variable
• Interaction effect: the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable varies at the different levels of the other independent variable

Question 4

Regression discontinuity design

Answer 4

A design that assigns participants to groups based on their scores on an assignment variable and assesses the effect of a treatment by looking for a discontinuity in the groups’ regression lines

• Discontinuity: a break in the line
• Regression line: a line that is best able to capture the performance of all the scores in the data

Question 5

Interrupted time-series design

Answer 5

A quasi-experimental design in which a treatment effect is assessed by comparing the pattern of multiple pre-and post-test scores for a single group of research participants
- Time series: a series of values of a quantity obtained at successive times

Question 6

Single-case research design

Answer 6

Research design in which a single participant or a single group of individuals is used to investigate the influence of a treatment condition

• Baseline: the target behavior of the participant in its naturally occurring state
  - Starting point used for comparison
• Reversal: change of behavior back to baseline level after withdrawal of treatment
  - A change in the opposite direction