chapter 10 & 11 Vocab Flashcards
Twelfth Amendment
An amendment to the constitution, adopted in 1804, that specifies the separate election of the president and the vice president by the electoral college
Head of State
The role of the president as ceremonial head of the government
Chief Executive
The role of the president as head of the executive branch of government
Civil Service
A collective term for the body employees working for the government. Generally, civil service is understood to apply to all those gain government employment through merit system
Appointment Power
The authority vested in the president to fill a government office or position
Reprieve
A formal postponement of the execution of a sentence imposed by a court of law
Pardon
A release from the punishment for, or legal consequences of, a crime. A pardon can be granted by the president before or after a conviction
Commander in Chief
The role of the president as supreme commander of the military forces of United States and of the state national guard units when they are called into federal service
War Powers Resolution
A law passed in 1973 spelling out the conditions under which the president can commit troops without congressional approval
Advice and Consent
Terms in the constitution describing the U.S. Senate power to review and approve treaties and presidential appointments
Chief Diplomat
The role of the president and recognizing foreign governments, making trees, and affecting executive agreements
Diplomatic Recognition
The formal acknowledgment of a foreign government as legitimate
Executive Agreement
And international agreement made by the president, without senatorial ratification, with the head of a foreign state
Chief Legislator
The role of the president in influencing the making of laws
State of the Union Message
An annual message to Congress in which the president proposes a legislative program. The message is addressed not only to Congress but also to the American people into the world.
Veto Message
The presidents formal exclamation of a veto, which accompanies the vetoed legislation when it is returned to congress
Pocket Veto
A special Vito exercised by the chief executive after legislative body has adjourned. Bills not signed by the chief executive die after a specified period of time.
Line Item Veto
The power of an executive to veto individual lines or items within a piece of legislation without vetoing the entire bill.
Patronage
The practice of rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employers and contracts
Constitutional Powers
A power vested in the president by article 2 of the constitution
Statutory Power
A power created for the president through laws enacted by Congress
Expressed Power
A power of the president that is expressly written into the Constitution of into statutory law
Inherent Power
A power of the president derived from the statements in the Constitution that “executive Power shall be vested in a President and that the President should take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.”
Emergency Power
An inherent power exercised by the president during a period of national crisis.
Executive Order
A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law.
Federal Register
A publication of the U.S. government that prints executive orders, rules, and regulations.
Executive Privilege
The right of executive officials to withhold information from, or to refuse to appear before, a legislative committee or a court.
Signing Statement
A written declaration that the president may make when signing a bill into law. It may contain instructions to the bureaucracy on how to administer the law or point to sections of the law that the president considers unconstitutional or contrary to national security interests.
Impeachment
An action by the House of Representatives to accuse the president, vice president, or other civil officers of the United States of committing “Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.”
Cabinet
And advisory group selected by the president to aid in making decisions. The cabinet includes the head of 15 executive departments and other is named by the president
Kitchen Cabinet
The informal advisers to the president
Executive Office of the President (EOP)
An organization established by President Franklin D Roosevelt to assist the president in caring out major duties
White House Office
The personal office of the president, which tends to presidential political needs and manages the media
Chief of Staff
The person who is named to direct to the White House office and advise the president
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
A division of the executive office of the president. The office of management and budget assist the president and preparing the annual budget, clearing and coordinating departmental agency budgets, and supervising the administration of the federal budget.
National Security Council (NSC)
An agency in the executive office of the president that advises the president on national security
Twenty Fifth Amendment
1967 amendment to the constitution that establishes procedures for filing presidential and vice presidential vacancies and makes provisions for presidential incapacity
Bureaucracy
A large organization that is structured hierarchically to carry out specific functions
Cabinet Department
One of the 15 major departments of the executive branch
Line Organization
In the federal government, and administrative unit that is directly accountable to the president
Independent Executive Agency
A federal agency that is not part of a cabinet department but reports directly to the president
Independent Regulatory Agency
And agency outside of the major executive departments charged with making and implementing rules and regulations within a specific area
Capture
The act by which an industry being regulated by a government agency games direct or indirect control over agency personnel and decision-makers
Government Corporations
And agency of government that administers a quasi-business enterprise. These corporations are used when government activities are primarily commercial
Spoils System
Awarding of government jobs to political supporters and friends
Merit System
The selection, retention, and promotion of government employees on the basis of competitive examinations
Pendleton Act (Civil Service Reform Act)
An act that established the principle of federal government employment based on merit and created the civil service commission to administer the personal service
Civil Service Commission
The initial central personnel agency of the national government; created in 1883
Government in the Sunshine Act
A law that requires all committee directed federal agencies to conduct their business as regularly in public session
Sunset Legislation
Laws requiring that existing programs be renewed regularly for their effectiveness and beterminated unless specifically extended as a result of these reviews
Privatization
The replacement of government services with services provided by private films
Whistleblower
In the context of government, someone who brings grossed governmental and efficiency or illegal action to the public’s attention
Enabling Legislation
A statute enacted by Congress that authorizes the creation of an administrative agency and specifies the name, purpose, composition, functions, and powers of the agency been created
Iron Triangle
A three-way alliance among legislators in Congress, bureaucrats, and interest groups to make or preserve policies that benefit their respective interests
Issue Network
A group of individuals or organizations which may consist of legislators and legislative staff members, interest group leaders, bureaucrats, scholars and other experts, and we representatives, that support a particular policy position on a give an issue
