chapter 10 Flashcards
All organisms must break down nuclear envelope and form a mitotic spindle in order to replicate t/f
false
Match each to bacteria or animal cells:
septation
mitosis
linear dna
circular dna
septation- bacteria
mitosis- animal
linear dna-animal
circular dna- bacteria
during s phase____, holds duplicated sister chromatids together , and is replaced by ____ in g2/prophase, which separates sister chromatids except at the ______
Cohesin, condensin, centrometre
Match each stage with corresponding chromosome feature prometaphase metaphase prophase anaphase telophase
prometa - attache to kinetchore fibres
meta- chromosomes are aligned
prophase- chromosomes are condensed
anaphase- chromosomes separate
telophase- chromosomes relax
in plant cells cytokinesis occurs by?
building a cell plate, first depositing membrane, then cell wall components
true or false during the process of binary fission (bacteria) DNA replication and segregation happen at the same time
true
which of the following could regulate a cyclin dependant kinase
a) removal of an inhibitory phosphate group
b) addition of an activating phosphate group
c) expression level of a cyclin
d) dimerization and autophosphorylation
a b c
Cell status at each checkpoint
spindle
g1s
g2m
spindle - all chromosomes aligned at metaphase plate
g1s cell size is adequate to support division
g2m- dna integrity after replication
Proto oncogene mutations
can cause tumour growth
binary fission in prokaryotes does not require
replication of dna
elongation of cell
separation of daughter cells
assembly of nuclear envelope
assembly of the nuclear envelope, (no nuclear envelope in bacteria)
chromatin is composed of
dna and proetin
what is a nucleosome
region of DNA wound around histone proteins
what is the role of cohesin proteins in cell division
hold DNA of sister chromatids together
the kinetochore is a structure that functions to
connect the centromere to microtubules
separation of sister chromatids occurs during
anaphase
why is cytokinesis an important part of cell division
responsible for proper separation of the cytoplasm
what steps in the cell cycle represent an irreversible commitment
g1/s (cell cycle decision), anaphase
cdk’s are regulated by
periodic destruction of cyclins, addition or removal of phosphates
bacterial SMC proteins, cohesin, and condensin all have a similar structure, their function is ?
Interact with DNA to compact or hold strands together
proto oncogenes act in a dominant fashion because
they act in a gain of function fashion to turn on the cell cycle
metaphase to anaphase transition involves
loss of cohesion between sister chromatids
the main difference between bac cell and eukaryotic cell division is that
bacterial dna replication and segregation happen at same time but in eukaryotes they are separated in time.
in animals cytokinesis is accomplished by a contractile ring containing actin , the related process in bacteria is
SEPTATION via ring of FtsZ protein which is tubulin like
order the phases of mitosis
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
when does the mitotic spindle begin to form
prophase
kinetichores attach to chromosomes in ______
prometaphase
chromosomes align on _____ plate in ______
metaphase plate, metaphase
nuclear envelopes form in the last stage of mitosis, which is ______.
telophase
Cleavage of the cell
cytokinesis
