Chapter 10

Question 1

3-5 factors that affect energy in

Answer 1

energy in specific nutrients
molecular and structural composition of nutrients
cooked vs. raw
more processed vs. less
inaccurate labeling

Question 2

3-5 factors that affect energy out

Answer 2

BMR
RMR
Thermogenesis
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
NEAT

Question 3

Give an example of how Genetics and epigenetics can affect client eating behaviors

Answer 3

185 genes have been implicated in obesity and appetite regulation

Question 4

Give an example of how Homeostatic energy regulation can affect client behavior

Answer 4

Leptin, secreted by adipose tissues, goes up or down in proportion to level of body fat. Higher body fat = more leptin

Question 5

Give an example of how Hedonic energy regulation can affect client behavior

Answer 5

Hyper palatable foods cause to eat more

Question 6

Give an example of how Sleep and circadian rhythms can affect client behavior

Answer 6

shift workers tend to be at higher risk for chronic diseases, like Type 2 diabetes.

Question 7

Give an example of how Hormones can affect client behavior

Answer 7

testosterone in men may correlate with Ghrelin levels, meaning that when testosterone is is high, hunger may be also

Question 8

Give an example of how stress and trauma can affect client behavior

Answer 8

stress can cause either lack of appetite or higher appetite.

Question 9

Hormone Leptin

Answer 9

Source: Adipose tissue
in response to: amount of body fat
Role: Increases or decreases in food intake and energy expenditure in response to available stored energy

Question 10

Insulin

Answer 10

Source: Pancreas
In Response to: Blood sugar
Role: Helps store nutrients in cells, Signals Satiety

Question 11

Circulating fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids

Answer 11

Source: Bloodstream and liver via GI tract
In Response to: digesting and absorbing nutrients
Role: Signals fuel availability

Question 12

Stored Glycogen

Answer 12

Source: Liver
In Response to: Digesting and absorbing nutrients
Role: Signals fuel availability

Question 13

Ghrelin

Answer 13

Source: Stomach, SI, Pancreas, Brain
In Response to: Low Food intake
Role: Increases hunger and intake; promotes fat storage

Question 14

Cholecystokinin (CKK)

Answer 14

Source: SI
In Response to: Fat and protein in GI Tract
Role: Signals Satiety

Question 15

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)

Answer 15

Source: SI, Pancreas, CNS
In Response to: Food intake
Role: Signals Satiety, slows emptying of the stomach

Question 16

Input to cranial and vagus nerves from taste stimulation and food in gut

Answer 16

Source: mouth and GI Tract
In Response To: chewing and swallowing; food in the GI tract
Role: Signals Satiety

Question 17

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer 17

the bare minimum number of calories that we need to survive. no movement, nothing but vital functions.