Chapter 1 Yoost Concepts Of Nursing Flashcards
Nightingales definition of nursing:
“To put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him”
Holistic definition
Treating the patients physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and social self
Profession definition
An occupation that requires at a minimum specialized training and a specialized body of knowledge
What are the primary roles and functions of a nurse? (9)
Care provider Advocate Change agent Researcher Educator Leader Manager Collaborator Delegator
Health literacy definition
The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
What is low health literacy associated with?
Increased hospitalization, greater emergency care use, lower use if mammography and lower receipt of influenza vaccine
What is evidence based practice? (EBP)
And integration of the best available research evidence with clinical judgement about a specific patient situation
EBP components (8)
Assessing the need for change Linking problem with interventions ID resources that answer the question Critically appraise the evidence Synthesize the best evidence Design a change for practice Implement and evaluate Integrate and maintain change while monitoring
What are the characteristics of collaboration? (6)
Clinical competence and accountability
Common purpose
Interpersonal competence and effective communication
Trust and mutual respect
Recognition and valuation of diverse complementary knowledge and skills
Humor
Roles of the nurse (9)
Leader Manager Researcher Collaborator Delegator Change agent Care provider Educator Advocate
Florence Nightingale
1860, founder of modern nursing
Known for care of sick in Crimean War
Influenced epidemiology
Establish nursing as a respected profession
Founded a nursing school
Stressed university based and continuing education
Discipline definition
A specific field of study or branch of instruction or learning
Metaparadigm definition
A global set of concepts that identify and describe the central phenomena of the discipline
Philosophy definition
A statement about the beliefs and values of nursing
Conceptual framework or model definition
A collection of interrelated concepts that provides direction for nursing practice, research and education
Nursing theory definition
Represents a group of concepts that can be tested in practice and can be derived from a conceptual model
Grand theory definition
A global conceptual framework that defines broad perspectives for nursing practice and provides ways of looking at nursing phenomena from a distinct nursing perspective
Middle range theory definition
Moderately abstract theory with a limited number of variables
Florence nightingale
Concept of balance between environment and patient: emphasized prevention; clean air, water and housing
Hildegard Peplau
Interpersonal process between nurse and patient:
1. Orientation
2. Working
3 resolution
Virginia Henderson
14 components based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Defined nursing
Virginia hendersons definition of nursing
Assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities
Martha rogers
Science of unitary human beings; four dimension are used in developing principles of resonancy
Sister Callista Roy
Adaptation model: humans and adaptive open system
Dorothea Orem
self care deficit theory of nursing: self-care deficit, nursing systems
Imogene King
Three level systems:
individual/personal,
group/interpersonal,
society/social
Betty Neuman
Systems model: holistic concept with open-system approach
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Human becoming school of thought= rogers science of unitary human beings + existential phenomenologic thought
Jean Watson
Based on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing
Maslows hierarchy of needs (top to bottom)
- Self actualization- creativity, problem solving, acceptance
- Esteem- confidence, achievement, respect
- Love/belonging- friendship, family
- Safety- security of body, employment, resources, property
- Physiological- breathing, food, water, sex, sleep
The lowest block (5) is where we want to live as a nurse
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Based on individuals interacting and learning about their world
Lewin’s Change Theory
A three step process: unfreezing, moving or change; refreezing
Paul’s Critical Thinking Theory
Nurses analyze data; develop, implement and evaluate a care plan
Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
Study diagram
Criteria for a profession
Altruism (looking at big picture) Body of knowledge and research Accountability Higher education Autonomy Code of ethics Professional organization Licensure Diversity
Diversity considerations
Cultural and linguistic competence
Culture
Competence
Cultural competence
Cultural and linguistic competence definition
A set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that allow for effective work in cross-cultural situations
Cultural competence definiton
Method of bringing health care providers together to discuss health concerns where cultural differences enhance conversation
Standards of Nursing practice published by ANA
FIRST PART
Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes identification Planning Implementation Evaluation
Standards of Nursing Practice based on professional performance; SECOND PART
Ethics Education EBP and research Quality of practice Communication Leadership Collaboration Professional practice evaluation Resource Utilization Environmental health
A scope of practice does what?
It defines boundaries and clarifies how it may intersect with other professions
What is ethics? What concepts does it include?
The standards of right and wrong behavior. Concepts are accountability, advocacy, autonomy, confidentiality, justice, nonmaleficence, responsibility
What is socialization to professional nursing?
A process that involves learning the theory and skills necessary for the role of nurse
Benner’s Novice to Expert Model:
Novice- has no professional experience
Advanced beginner- can note recurrent meaningful situational components but not prioritize them
Competent- begins to understand actions in terms of long term goals
Proficient- perceives situations as wholes, rather than in terms of aspects
Expert- has intuitive grasp of situation
What is the essentials of Baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice updated by?
American associated of colleges of nursing (AACN)
National League for Nursing (NLN) competencies
Human flourishing
Nursing judgement
Professional identity
Spirit of inquiry
Registered nurse needs
Attend a 2 or 4 year degree program or 3 year diploma program
Associate degree in nursing
Diploma programs
Bachelor of science in nursing
Master of science in nursing needs
Advanced practice nurses
Other advanced roles
Two types of licensed nurses
LVN/LPN and RN
Both must obtain a license by passing an exam
Different scopes of practice
LPN/LVN
12-18 months of training
NCLEX-PN
RN credential
Graduate from approved nursing school
Pass a state licensing exam called National Council Licensure Exam for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN)
Advanced degrees
Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
Advanced practice nurse (APRN)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
Certifications
May become certified in a specialty
Certification has minimum work experience and education requirements
After meeting criteria, nurses must pass an exam before continuing education and work
Professional Nursing Organizations
Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
Nursing shortage
70% of countries that participated in the survey were experiencing a nursing/midwife shortage
Predicted that US will reach a shortage of 500,000 by 2025
Quality and safety education for nurses
5 core areas of proficiency
delivering patient-centered care Working as part of a team Practicing EBM Quality improvement Using info as technology
Institute of medicine report
Practice to full extent
Achieve higher levels of education and training
Full partners with physicians and other health care professionals in redesigning in health care
Workforce planning, better data collection and improved information infrastructure
National patient safety goals
Identify patients correctly Improve staff communication Use medicines safely Use alarms safely Prevent infection Identify patient safety risks Prevent mistakes in surgery
Independent nursing practice
Obtained a certain degree of autonomy
Code of ethics
Nurses don’t always have full freedom
NP’s are increasing independence in their practice
Nurse practice acts…
Provide the scope of practice defined by each state or jurisdiction and set legal limits of nursing practice
