Chapter 1 / Wk 1 Flashcards
What is psychology?
The scientific study of mental processes (thinking, remembering and feeling) and behaviour.
What is positive psychology?
The scientific study to understand and harness positive emotions to help people thrive.
What’s another name for Biopsychology?
Behavioural neuroscience
What is Biopsychology?
The scientific study of the physical basis (biology) of psychological events like motivation, emotions and stress.
What is the Sociocultural perspective?
Focuses on the social interactions and cultural factors or behavior and mental processes.
What is the approach of cultural and cross-cultural psychologist?
Takes in to consideration the content and context of a culture in the study of human behaviour.
What is structuralism?
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the basic elements of consciousness.
What’s the Psycodynamic perspective
Focuses on internal events
What is the behavioural perspective?
Focuses on the role of the environment.
What is functionalism?
Explains psychological process in terms of the role or function they serve.
What are the 5 key perspectives of Psychology?
Evolutionary, cognitive, humanistic, behaviourist and psychodynamic.
Who is the key figure of the psychodynamic perspective?
Sigmund Frued
What is the basic principles of the Psychodynamic perspective?
Behaviour is largely the result of unconcious processes, motivation and early experiences.
A metaphor for the Psychodynamic perspective.
The Conciousness is like the tip of an iceberg; the mind lies hidden underneath much larger and like a battleground of warring factions.
Methods of the psychodynamic perspective.
Interprets verbal discourse, slips of the tongue, dreams, fantasies, actions and postures, case studies and limited experimentations.
What is the Behavourist perspective (behavourism)?
Behaviour is learned and influences by its environmental consequences.
Who is the key figure for the behaviourist perspective?
B.F Skinner
A metaphor for behaviourism (behavioural perspective).
Humans and animals are like machines, the mind is a black box and a mystery.
What are the methods of Behaviourist (behavioural perspective)?
Experimentation with humans and other animals.
What are the basic principles of the humanistic perspective?
Behaviour and experience are shaped by the need to self -actualise, to fulfil one’s potential.
Who is the key figure in the humanistic perspective?
Carl Rogers
A metaphor for the humanistic perspective.
Life is like a bottle of milk - the cream always rises to the top. Optimistic view, Everyone always aims to be the best they can be.
Humanistic perspective methods.
Person-centered therapeutic approach that emphasises empathy, acceptance and respect for the individual.
Key figure in the cognitive perspective
Rene Descartes
What is the cognitive perspective?
Behaviour is the product of information processing; storage, transformation and retrieval of data.
A metaphor for the cognitive perspective.
The mind is like a computer; with patterns of thoughts that are like it’s software.
Methods of the cognitive perspective.
Experimentation with humans inspired by computer modeling.
The key figure in the evolutionary perspective.
Charles Darwin
What are the basic principles of the evolutionary perspective?
Psychological processes reflect the evolutionary process of natural selection.
A metaphor for the evolutionary perspective.
Life is like a race for survival and reproduction.
Methods of the evolutionary perspective.
Deductions of explanations for traits and behaviours; cross-species and cross-cultural comparisons; limited experimentation.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Intergration of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors as a larger collective, influenced by all five key perspectives.
Which perspective would suggest that the mind can be viewed as an information processing system?
Cognitive
What perspective would suggest that behaviour is powerfully influenced by its consequences, in the form of reinforcement and punishment.
The behaviourist perspective.
Which perspective would most likely suggest that the behaviour may be the product of unconcious conflict and anxiety?
Psychodynamic
What perspective sees behaviour as being motivated by forces that individuals may not understand or be aware of?
Psychodynamic
What perspective would suggest that psychological science is the study of behaviour that is observable and measurable?
Behaviourist
What perspective sees our behaviours developing as a result of our species’ adaptation to the challenges of surviving across milennia?
Evolutionary
What perspective might suggest that future behaviour is influenced by memory and analysis of past experience?
Cognitive
The importance of personal growth and human potential is emphasised by which perspective?
Humanistic
What Philosophical early school of thought involves studying the structure of consciousness?
Structuralism
What are the two early schools of thought?
Functionalism and Structuralism
What early school of thought explains psychological processes in terms of the role, or function, they serve?
Functionalism
What are the boundaries and borders of psychology?
Biopsychology, sociocultral perspective, cultural and cross-cultural.
In Broca’s Aphasia there is a deficit in ………
Language production
Wundt’s method of investigation was called…..
Introspection
What examines the genetic and environmental bases of differences among individuals on psychological traits?
Behavioural Genetics
A ……… is a school of thought. A ……….. is a broad system of theoretical assumptions.
Perspective.
Paradigm.
What perspective suggests many behavioural tendencies in humans evolved because they heped our ancestors survive and reproduce?
Evolutionary
